主管:中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办:应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU

消防科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 705-709.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

2021年全球森林火灾综述

白 夜1,王 博2,武英达1,刘晓东2   

  1. (1.中国消防救援学院,北京102202; 2.北京林业大学 森林资源生态系统过程北京市重点实验室,北京100083)
  • 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-15
  • 作者简介:白 夜(1967-),男,吉林临江人,应急管理部森林草原防灭火研究中心副主任,中国消防救援学院教授,森林消防学科带头人,研究生导师,博士,主要从事森林防火灭火技术、战术、安全与指挥实践与教学,北京市昌平区南雁路4号,102202。
  • 基金资助:
    :中国消防救援学院森林灭火指挥与战术科研创新团队建设项目(XF2020-XM01)

A review of global forest fires in 2021

BAI Ye1, WANG Bo2, WU Ying-da1, LIU Xiao-dong2   

  1. (1. China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Resources and Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)
  • Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-15

摘要: 森林火灾是世界八大自然灾害之一,持续燃烧的森林火灾严重威胁生命财产和生态安全。在整理2021年全球森林火灾案例(北美洲、南美洲、地中海沿岸、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、中国)的基础上,从火灾时间延长、火灾范围扩大、火灾损失严重、释放有害气体、影响社会秩序、威胁遗产安全等6个方面分析火灾爆发特点,从极端天气增加、可燃物干燥易燃、野外火源增多、应对能力不足等4个方面分析火灾爆发原因,并结合多年森林灭火实战经验,提出应对策略,为火灾巨灾防控提供依据。

关键词: 森林火灾, 气候变化, 林火管理

Abstract: Abstract: Forest fire is one of the eight major natural disasters in the world. Continuous forest fires pose a serious threat to life, property and ecological security. On the basis of sorting out the global forest fire cases in 2021 (North America, South America, Mediterranean coast, Russia, Australia, China), this paper analyzes the characteristics of fire outbreak from six aspects: prolonged fire time, expanded fire scope, serious fire loss, release of harmful gases, impact on social order, and threat to heritage safety. The causes of fire outbreak were analyzed from four aspects, such as the increase of extreme weather, dry and flammable combustible materials, the increase of fire sources in the field, and the lack of coping ability. Combined with years of forest fire fighting experience, the coping strategies were put forward to provide a basis for the prevention and control of huge fire disasters.

Key words: Key words: wildfire, climate change, forest fire management