主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1217-1222.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

对称障碍物对瓶颈处行人拱形的影响研究

安旭1,2，袁宝明3，陈国芳1,2   

  1. (1.江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院，江西赣州 341000； 2.江西省矿业工程重点实验室,江西赣州 341000；3.江西省应急管理宣传教育中心，江西南昌330009)
  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 作者简介:作者简介：安旭（1998- ），女，贵州思南人，江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事防灾减灾工程及防护工程研究，江西省赣州市章贡区客家大道156号，341000。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金地区基金项目（52064016）

Influence of symmetrical obstacles on pedestrian arches at bottlenecks

An Xu1,2， Yuan Baoming3， Chen Guofang1,2   

  1. （1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000, China; 2. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000, China； 3. Emergency Management Publicity and Education Center of Jiangxi Province， Jiangxi Nanchang 330009, China)
  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要： 为了解决在恐慌情况下建筑物出口处的瓶颈效应，基于Pathfinder仿真软件提出了一种源自土木工程中调节土拱效应的方法，可以将对称障碍物类比于抗滑桩，研究出障碍物可调节拱形的位置变化，解决出口处的瓶颈效应。分别模拟了不同场景下的物理模型，通过三组实验的时间定量对比，分析了障碍物与出口间距、障碍物形状对疏散性能的影响。结合行人路径图与剖面密度分布图分析得到了对称障碍物对行人拱形破坏机理。研究结果表明：建筑物出口设置对称障碍物调节拱形结构的位置，可使拱形内部的空间有效分离，减少高密度区域，形成保护空间，有效提高行人疏散效率。

关键词: 对称障碍物, 瓶颈效应, 行人拱形, Pathfinder, 人群疏散

Abstract: In order to solve the bottleneck effect at the exit of the building under panic, the Pathfinder simulation software was used to propose a method based on regulating the structural effects from the civil engineering. The symmetrical obstacle is compared with the anti slide pile to study the position change of the adjustable arch shape of the obstacle, and to solve the bottleneck effect at the exit. The physical models under different scenarios were simulated. The effects of the spacing between obstacles and exit and obstacle shape on evacuation performance were analyzed by time quantitative comparison of three sets of experiments. Combined with pedestrian path diagram and cross-sectional density distribution, the mechanism of failure of pedestrian arch caused by symmetric obstacles was analyzed. The results show that the set of symmetrical obstacle at the building exit to adjust the position of the arched structure can separate the interior space of the arch effectively, and reduce the high-density region, form the protection space, thereby improve the evacuation efficiency of the pedestrian effectively.

Key words: symmetric obstacle, bottleneck effect, pedestrian arch, Pathfinder, pedestrian evacuation