PVC材料产烟性能及口罩防护效果研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 187-190.

PVC材料产烟性能及口罩防护效果研究

卢立红1，蓝斤2，付丽秋1，卢方勇3

（1.中国人民警察大学，河北廊坊065000；2.重庆市消防救援总队，重庆400000；3.吉林省新天龙实业股份有限公司，吉林四平136000）

出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-02-17
作者简介:作者简介：卢立红（1974- ），吉林四平人，中国人民警察大学教授，博士，主要从事火灾烟热防护、消防员心理健康等方面的研究，河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号，065000。
基金资助:
河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目（ZC2021104）

Study on the smoke production performance of PVC materials and protective effect of different masks

Lu Lihong1, Lan Jin2, Fu Liqiu1, Lu Fangyong3

(1. China People's Police University, Hebei Langfang 065000, China; 2. Chongqing Fire and Rescue Brigade, Chongqing 400000, China; 3. Jilin Province Xintianlong Industrial Co., Ltd., Jilin Siping 136000, China)

Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究PVC材料产烟性能和不同口罩对PVC热解烟气的防护过滤效果，根据ISO/TS 19700自行设计并搭建了热分解产烟防护测试平台，选取PVC材料作为产烟材料，选用市面上常见的纱布（12层和20层）、无纺布、纳米纤维和驻极体四类材质的口罩，研究PVC材料产烟性能，以及干、湿两种状态下不同材质口罩对PVC热解烟气的防护过滤效果。结果表明：PVC材料热解烟气的主要成分为CO、CO2、HCl、CH4及烟颗粒，烟尘微观形貌特征为黑色碎片伴有少量絮状分布的凝团结构，烟尘粒径为80～108 μm，主要粒径范围集中在90～98 μm。干、湿口罩对PVC热解烟气中的CO、HCl气体和烟尘颗粒均具有一定的防护过滤效果。干、湿口罩对CO、HCl气体的防护效果由大到小为：驻极体口罩＞无纺布口罩＞纳米口罩＞20层纱布口罩＞12层纱布口罩。与干口罩相比，湿口罩对HCl气体的防护过滤效率更高，除驻极体口罩外，其他口罩湿态较干态能显著提升对烟颗粒的过滤效果，湿态无纺布口罩对烟颗粒的过滤效率达到92%。

Abstract: In order to study the smoke production performance of PVC materials and protective effect of different masks, a thermal decomposition and smoke production platform with protective testing function was built according to ISO/TS 19700 in this paper. PVC materials was used as smoke-producing materials. Five kinds of masks were selected as the protection and filter materials, which were gauze masks (12 layers, 20 layers), non-woven masks, nano masks, and electret masks. The smoke production performance of PVC material and the protective filtering effect of different masks on PVC pyrolysis smoke in wet and dry conditions were studied respectively. The result shows that, the main components of pyrolysis smoke from PVC materials are CO, CO2, HCl, CH4 and smoke particles. The microscopic features of the soot are mainly black fragments with a small amount of flocculent structure. The particle size of soot is 80～108 μm, and the main particle size range is between 90～98 μm.Wet or dry masks have a certain protective filtering effect on CO, HCl gas and soot particles in PVC pyrolysis smoke. The order of protection effect of wet or dry masks on CO and HCl gas is: electret mask > non-woven mask > nano mask > 20-layer gauze mask > 12-layer gauze mask. Compared with dry masks, wet masks can significantly improve the protection and filtration efficiency of HCl gas. Except for electret masks, the other wet masks can significantly improve the filtering effect of smoke particles, and the filtration efficiency of wet non-woven masks for smoke particles reached 92%.

Key words: PVC material, smoke production performance, dry or wet mask, protection and filter

卢立红, 蓝斤, 付丽秋, 卢方勇. PVC材料产烟性能及口罩防护效果研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2023, 42(2): 187-190.

Lu Lihong, Lan Jin, Fu Liqiu, Lu Fangyong. Study on the smoke production performance of PVC materials and protective effect of different masks[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2023, 42(2): 187-190.