主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 439-442.

• •    下一篇

热电触发LFP锂离子电池热失控特性研究

张 磊，黄 昊，张永丰，曹丽英   

  1. （应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海 201199）
  • 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-15
  • 作者简介:张 磊（1990— ），男，应急管理部上海消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事锂离子电池火灾防治及物证鉴定技术，上海市徐汇区中山南二路601号，201199。
  • 基金资助:
    ：国家重点研发计划（2021YFC3001900）；汽车标准化公益性开放课题（BZ202104）；应急管理部上海消防研究所基本科研业务费项目（21SX09）

Study on the thermal runaway characteristics of LFP lithium-ion batteries under overheating and overcharge

Zhang Lei, Huang Hao, Zhang Yongfeng, Cao Liying   

  1. (Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 201199, China)
  • Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-15

摘要： 热滥用、电滥用是触发锂离子电池热失控的主要原因。本文采用加热板直接加热和恒流过充电2种方式开展了方壳磷酸铁锂（LFP）电池单体在有/无外部点火源条件下的热失控试验研究，采集了热失控进程及温度、电压等特征参数，分析了LFP电池单体的本征热失控特征及耦合外部点火源后的着火特性。结果表明，被测LFP电池在过热触发热失控后产生大量白烟，热失控最高温度仅为184 ℃，在外部点火源的作用下出现明火，火焰最高温度为740 ℃；LFP电池过充电触发热失控反应更加剧烈，热失控最高温度为450 ℃，未出现明火，但在外部点火源的作用下出现明火，火焰最高温度达1 000 ℃；LFP电池未完全失控时由外部点火源点燃的火灾类型为以电解液为主的B类稳定火灾，持续加热或充电后，转变为锂离子电池热失控喷射火，火焰强度明显增强。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 点火源, 燃烧特性

Abstract: Thermal abuse and electrical abuse are the main reasons for triggering lithium-ion batteries into thermal runaway. In this paper, the thermal runaway experiments of LFP lithium-ion batteries were carried out by overheating using a plate and constant current overcharging with or without external sparks. The thermal runaway process and characteristic parameters such as temperature and voltage were collected and analyzed, the intrinsic thermal runaway characteristics of LFP battery cells and the combustion characteristics with external ignition source were elucidated. As the result shows, the tested LFP battery produced a lot of white smoke under overheating, with maximum temperature of 184 ℃. The LFP battery jet flame was observed ignited by external energy, and the maximum temperature was 740 ℃. The thermal runaway of the LFP battery under overcharge was more severe, and the maximum temperature was 450 ℃, but no flame was observed. The LFP battery jet flame was observed ignited by external energy, and the maximum temperature of the flame was about 1 000 ℃. The LFP battery fire ignited by the external ignition source was a B-type stable fire dominated by the electrolyte if it was not completely under thermal runaway. The violent jet flame was observed with the external heat or electricity adding again.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, ignition source, combustion characteristic