主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 210-216.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于冰模板法生物气凝胶的制备及热-力性能研究

绪志远1, 展望1, 蒋军成2, 李丽霞1   

  1. （1.江苏大学 环境与安全工程学院，江苏 镇江 212013； 2.南京工业大学 安全科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 211800）
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16 修回日期:2024-08-31 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-15
  • 作者简介:绪志远，江苏大学环境与安全工程学院在读硕士，主要从事轻质防火隔热材料研究，江苏省镇江市京口区江苏大学主A楼，212013。
  • 基金资助:
    国家青年基金项目（52204213）；江苏省产学研合作项目（BY2022584）；江苏大学应急管理学院教育教改研究和人才培养专项项目（JG-03-07）

Preparation and study on the properties of anisotropic bio-aerogels based on ice templating method

Xu Zhiyuan1, Zhan Wang1, Jiang Juncheng2, Li Lixia1   

  1. (1. School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013, China;2. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211800, China)
  • Received:2024-04-16 Revised:2024-08-31 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-15

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摘要： 以明胶为原料，通过冰模板法制备得到具有高度有序的多孔结构的生物气凝胶，提高材料的防火、隔热和力学性能。通过一系列表征测试，试验研究了明胶含量和冷冻时间对明胶气凝胶微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明：当定向冷冻时间为20 min且明胶添加质量分数为1.8%时，明胶气凝胶的力学以及防火隔热性能明显增加，在应变50%时的抗压强度为0.28 MPa，导热系数低至0.029 W/(m·K)，UL-94等级达到V-0级，LOI值达到31.44%。

关键词: 生物材料, 气凝胶, 冰模板法, 防火隔热, 力学性能

Abstract: This study developed bio-aerogels with highly ordered porous structures using gelatin as a raw material, prepared through the ice-templating method, to improve the material's fire resistance, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties. Through a series of characterization tests, the effects of gelatin content and freezing time on the microstructure and properties of gelatin aerogels were experimentally investigated. The results show that when the directional freezing time is 20 minutes and the gelatin mass fraction is 1.8%, the mechanical properties, fire resistance, and thermal insulation performance of the gelatin aerogel are significantly improved, with a compressive strength of 0.28 MPa at 50% strain, a thermal conductivity as low as 0.029 W/(m·K), a UL-94 rating of V-0, and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.44%.

Key words: biomaterials, aerogel, ice templating method, fire retardant and heat insulation, mechanical properties