主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 1160-1164.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

热失控下环境体系对锂离子电池火灾危险性的影响

郭君，贺元骅，王海斌，陈现涛   

  1. 中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院，四川德阳618307
  • 出版日期:2020-08-15 发布日期:2020-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 王海斌(1984-)，男，内蒙古赤峰人，中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院高级工程师。
  • 作者简介:郭君(1994-),男，山西长治人，中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事民航安全及锂电池火灾安全防护研究，四川省德阳市广汉市南昌路四段46 号，618307。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0809500)

Influence of environment systemon the fire hazard of lithium-ion battery underthermal runaway conditions

GUO Jun, HE Yuan-hua, WANG Hai-bin,CHEN Xian-tao   

  1. College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Sichuan Deyang 618307, China
  • Online:2020-08-15 Published:2020-08-15

摘要： 以21700 型三元锂离子电池为研究对象，选择空气、氮气及水雾三种环境体系,在热失控条件下对锂离子电池表面温度、逸散出的气体浓度进行在线监测，探究不同环境体系下锂离子电池之间的热量传递与热失控火灾扩展情况。结果表明：不同环境体系对锂离子电池热失控行为有显著影响。惰性气体环境不能有效抑制锂离子电池热失控的发生，却由于氧气含量降低，使热失控过程中二次燃烧阶段缺失，降低其火灾扩展危险性，且热失控的响应时间延长。氮气环境中产生的CO 体积分数峰值为2.049 ×10- 3，分别是空气与水雾环境中的154.6%和180.0%。水雾环境中，由于雾滴在正极处积聚，极易使泄压阀工作效率下降，导致内部压力过高而发生更危险的爆炸。在锂离子电池的运输、储存和应用中，应避免环境中湿度过大。可针对性置换环境气氛或提高散热能力，加强对锂离子电池的安全防护，防止热失控行为的发生。

关键词: 环境体系, 锂离子电池, 热失控, 惰性气体, 热传播

Abstract: Taking the 21700- type ternary lithium- ion battery as research project,under the environment of air,nitrogen and water mist,the surface temperature of lithium- ion battery and the concentration of escaping gas were monitored onine under the condition of thermal runaway to explore heat transfer and thermal runaway fire expansion between lithium- ion batteries.The results showed that different environment systems have significant influence on thermal runaway fire behavior of lithium-ion battery. Thermal runaway of lithium- ion battery can't be controlled effectively when experimental space is filled with the high concentration nitrogen. However,due to the decrease of oxygen concentration, the thermal runaway second burning stage doesn't occur,which can reduce the risk of fire spread and prolong the response time of thermal runaway effectively. The peak volume fraction of CO in the nitrogen environment is 2 049×10- 6,which are 154.6% and 180.0% of that in air and water mist environments. Under the misty environment,the mist converges at the positive electrode,which will easily reduce the working efficiency of safety valve. Once the internal pressure of the lithium-ion battery is too high,the more serious explosion will occur. In the transportation,storage and application of lithium- ion batteries,excessive humidity should be avoided. The occurrence of thermal runaway can be prevented by replacing the environmental atmosphere and improving the heat dissipation capacity contrapuntally,to strengthen the safety protection of lithiumion battery.

Key words: environmental systems;lithium-ion battery;thermal runaway, inert gas, heat spread