主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1759-1766.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

汽油燃烧残留物鉴定中纺织品基质干扰探究

韩芸1, 许洁2, 孙志娟3, 杜宇1, 周文2, 韦臻2   

  1. （1.中国人民警察大学 研究生院，河北 廊坊 065000； 2.中国人民警察大学 侦查学院，河北 廊坊 065000； 3.上海公安学院，上海 200137）
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 修回日期:2025-11-01 出版日期:2025-12-15 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 作者简介:韩 芸，中国人民警察大学硕士研究生，主要从事火灾调查及物证鉴定方面的研究，河北省廊坊市安次区西昌路220号，065000。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目（ZC2022091）；中国人民警察大学博士科研创新计划专项课题（BSKYZX202436）

Investigation into the interference effects of textile substrates in the identification of gasoline combustion residues

Han Yun1, Xu Jie2, Sun Zhijuan3, Du Yu 1, Zhou Wen2, Wei Zhen2   

  1. (1. Graduate Faculty, China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China; 2. Criminal Investigation College, China People's Police University, Langfang Hebei 065000, China;3. Shanghai Police College, Shanghai 200137, China)
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-11-01 Online:2025-12-15 Published:2025-12-25

摘要： 汽油作为常见助燃剂，其燃烧残留物的准确鉴定对涉火案件侦破至关重要，但由于残留物依附的基质不同，特征组分差异显著，导致溯源困难。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS），分析了汽油单独及与棉、尼龙、聚酯、麻4种织物混合燃烧后的残留物特征，揭示了基质类型对汽油燃烧产物的显著干扰效应。研究发现，不同织物与汽油混合燃烧时，产物变化呈现特异性：棉质织物与汽油混合后，原织物特有的酯类、酚类等中间产物消失，残留物以多环芳烃为主；尼龙与汽油混合后新增醇类物质，且芳香烃、萘系及多环芳烃的种类和丰度显著增加；聚酯与汽油混合后，酸类和酯类转化为芳香族化合物，且二者裂解自由基结合生成新物质9-芴甲醇；麻质织物与汽油混合后，汽油单独燃烧时的萘系化合物消失。本研究明确了4种常见织物对汽油燃烧残留物的特异性干扰机制，为实际案件鉴定提供了关键判断依据，可显著提高火灾物证鉴定的科学性和可靠性。

关键词: 火灾物证鉴定, 纤维织物, 燃烧残留物, 汽油鉴定, 特征成分

Abstract: Gasoline, as a common accelerant, requires precise identification of its combustion residues, which is crucial for the investigation of fire-related cases. Due to significant variations in characteristic components caused by different residual-adhering substrates, source identification is rendered considerably challenging. This study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the characteristic components of the residues after the combustion of gasoline alone and in combination with cotton, nylon, polyester, and linen fabrics, revealing significant interference effects of substracts on gasoline combustion byproducts. Research findings indicate that the combustion products of various fabrics mixed with gasoline exhibit distinct specificity. After blending cotton fabric with gasoline, the characteristic intermediate products such as esters and phenols originally present in the fabric disappear, leaving polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the predominant residue. The addition of alcohols was observed upon mixing nylon with gasoline, accompanied by a significant increase in both the variety and abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalenes, and polycyclic aromatic hy⁃ drocarbons. Polyester, when blended with gasoline, undergoes a transformation wherein acids and esters are con⁃ verted into aromatic compounds, while the combination of their cleavage radicals generates a novel sub-stance (9-fluorenemethanol). The combustion of gasoline in the presence of flax fabric results in the complete elimination of naphthalene compounds that are typically generated during standalone gasoline combustion. This study elucidates the specific interference mechanisms of four common textile materials on gasoline combustion residues, providing critical forensic indicators for practical case investigations. These findings substantially en-hance the scientific validity and reliability of fire debris analysis.

Key words: fire evidence identification, textile fabrics, combustion residues, gasoline identification, characteris-tic compounds