主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 43-48.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

10 kV输电线路树线故障残留痕迹分析技术的研究

郭宇航1,2, 杨皓涵3, 王孟3, 张富精1,4, 陈  克2   

  1. （1.森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102202； 2.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 3.成都理工大学 核技术与自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610059； 4.中国消防救援学院，北京 102202）
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-30 修回日期:2024-10-19 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:郭宇航，应急管理部天津消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事电气火灾物证鉴定技术方面的研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381，guoyuhang@tfri.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室开放课题项目（FGFRP202306）；应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2024SJ06）

Study on residual traces analysis technology of tree-line failures under 10 kV lines

Guo Yuhang1,2, Yang Haohan3, Wang Meng3, Zhang Fujing1,4, Chen Ke2   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Sichuan 610059, China; 4. China Fire Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China)
  • Received:2024-08-30 Revised:2024-10-19 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

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摘要： 针对高压输电线路树线故障，当前关于故障后残留痕迹分析技术的研究较少。本文搭建10 kV配电网试验平台，结合室外真实树木土壤环境进行相关树线故障模拟试验，获取不同树线故障接触点的输电线路残留物试验样本，开展基于宏观/微观形貌、Micro CT、金相组织的森林电气典型痕迹分析技术的研究。研究表明，10 kV输电线路树线故障在高电压、小电流条件下形成，具有熔化范围小、熔化过渡区不易观察、导体表面易受树木无机物燃烧侵袭影响等特点；输电线路在树木不同位置的故障接触点处的残留痕迹形貌与故障过程泄漏电流大小密切相关，随着故障剧烈程度的增大，微观形貌痕迹特征由栅栏状、鱼鳞状向蜂窝状转变；不同的分析方法可从不同角度为树线故障类森林电气火灾物证鉴定和原因分析提供理论和试验依据。

关键词: 森林火灾, 树线故障, 痕迹分析, 火灾物证鉴定

Abstract: Against high-voltage transmission tree-line failure, there is relatively little research on residual traces analysis technology. This article built a 10 kV distribution network platform and conducted tree-line fault simulation experiments in combination with outdoor soil environment, obtaining experimental samples of transmi- ssion line and conducting research on forest electrical typical traces analysis technology based on macroscopic/microscopic morphology, Micro CT, and metallographic. The research has shown that tree-line failure in 10 kV transmission lines occur under high voltage and low current conditions, with characteristics such as small melting range, difficult observation of melting transition zone, and susceptibility of conductor surfaces to inorganic burning and invasion from trees. The residual trace morphology of transmission lines at the fault contact points of trees at different positions is closely related to the leakage current during the fault process. As the severity of the fault changes, the microscopic morphology trace characteristics transform from fence like and fish scale like to honeycomb like. Different analysis methods can provide theoretical and experimental basis for the identification and analysis of forest electrical fires caused by tree-line failures from different perspectives.

Key words: forest fire, tree-line failure, traces analysis, fire evidence identification