主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 75-82.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

改性蛭石粉末抑制三元锂离子电池热失控研究

施亚琴, 邢志祥, 刘烨铖, 祁龙泰   

  1. （常州大学 安全科学与工程学院，江苏 常州 213164）
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-20 修回日期:2024-11-04 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:施亚琴，常州大学安全科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事新能源安全与防护等研究，江苏省常州市武进区滆湖中路21号，213164。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3001203，2022YFB4002803）；2023年度江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX23_3163）

Research on the inhibition of thermal runaway in ternary lithium-ion batteries by modified vermiculite powder

Shi Yaqin, Xing Zhixiang, Liu Yecheng, Qi Longtai   

  1. (School of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou Jiangsu 213164, China)
  • Received:2024-09-20 Revised:2024-11-04 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

摘要： 利用自主搭建的灭火试验平台，选取可膨胀的蛭石粉末和MgCl2、NaHCO3改性后的蛭石粉末开展锂离子电池灭火试验，并在相同工况下与ABC干粉进行对比，分析了不同灭火剂的灭火时间、抑制温升效率、复燃情况、抑制毒害性。灭火试验表明：与ABC干粉灭火剂相比，蛭石粉末能更快速地降低电池表面温度，有效熄灭明火，提供更均匀的覆盖和冷却效果。证实了蛭石粉末可作为一种新型灭火介质应用于锂离子电池火灾中，但蛭石粉末的效果有限，在扑灭明火之后发生复燃。与蛭石粉末相比，进一步的改性处理增强了改性蛭石粉末的热稳定性和阻燃效能，显著降低了复燃发生的可能性。尤其是MgCl2蛭石粉末，在扑灭明火之后尚未发生复燃，对三元锂离子电池具有良好的灭火效果。

关键词: 蛭石粉末, 改性, 锂离子电池, 热失控, 灭火效果

Abstract: This paper uses a self-built fire extinguishing experimental platform to select expandable vermiculite powder and vermiculite powder modified with MgCl2 and NaHCO3 for lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing experiments. And compared with ABC dry powder under the same working conditions, the fire extinguishing time, temperature rise suppression efficiency, reignition situation, and toxicity suppression of different fire extinguishing agents were analyzed. Fire extinguishing tests have shown that compared with ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent, vermiculite powder can quickly reduce the surface temperature of the battery and effectively extinguish open flames, providing more uniform coverage and cooling effect. It has been confirmed that vermiculite powder can be used as a new type of fire extinguishing medium in lithium-ion battery fires, but the effectiveness of vermiculite powder is limited as it can reignite after extinguishing open flames. Compared with vermiculite powder, further modification treatment enhances the thermal stability and flame retardancy of modified vermiculite powder, reducing the possibility of reignition significantly. Especially, the MgCl2 vermiculite powder extinguishes the open flames and prevents reignition, which has a good fire extinguishing effect on ternary lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: vermiculite powder, modification, lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, fire extinguishing effect