主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 131-136.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

船舶机舱典型火灾演化规律研究

张艳1, 孙骞2   

  1. （1.海军装备部驻上海地区第七军事代表室，上海 201108； 2.中国船舶集团有限公司第七二六研究所，上海 201108）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-27 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:张 艳，海军装备部驻上海地区第七军事代表室工程师，硕士，主要从事舰船消防技术研究，上海市闵行区金都路5200号，201108。

Research on the evolution law of the typical fire in ship engine-room

Zhang Yan1, Sun Qian2   

  1. (1. Seventh Military Representative Office of the Naval Equipment Department of Shanghai, Shanghai 201108, China; 2. 726th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201108, China)
  • Received:2025-05-27 Revised:2025-09-15 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-01-15

摘要： 机舱作为船舶的动力中心，内部设备种类繁多、结构复杂、危险源多、危险性大，易发生火灾，因此机舱火灾一直是船舶消防的关键问题。本文在总结机舱火灾危险源和特点的基础上，对机舱火灾典型参数进行了阐述，并根据火灾对人员的影响，设定了烟气温度、氧气体积分数、能见度3个危险判据。机舱火灾常见类型包括油池火、喷射火、电气柜火、电缆火等，本文基于最常见的油池火，在密闭试验舱内搭建了试验场景，针对0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00、4.00 m² 5种不同面积的油池火，从热释放速率、烟气温度、能见度、氧气体积分数等参数方面，对其火灾演化规律进行了研究和总结。

关键词: 船舶火灾, 机舱火灾, 火灾演化规律, 油池火, 燃烧速率

Abstract: As the power center of a ship, the engine-room contains a wide variety of equipment with complex structures, numerous hazard sources, and high risk levels, making it prone to fires. Therefore, engine-room fires have always been a critical issue in ship fire safety. Based on a summary of the hazard sources and characteristics of engine-room fires, this paper elaborates on typical fire parameters and establishes three hazard criteria based on their impact on personnel: flue-gas temperature, oxygen volume fraction, and visibility. Common types of engine-room fires include oil pool fires, jet fires, electrical cabinet fires, and cable fires. Focusing on the most common oil pool fire, this study constructs experimental scenarios in a closed test cabin. For five different oil pool areas (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00 m²), the fire evolution patterns are investigated and summarized in terms of heat release rate, flue-gas temperature, visibility, oxygen volume fraction, and other parameters.

Key words: ship fire, engine-room fire, fire evolution patterns, pool fire, combustion rate