主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 7-14.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

容积式受限空间内高压氢气泄漏扩散特性及参数敏感性分析

宋宏伟1, 王文和1,2, 刘红溪1, 李元杨1, 况婷婷1   

  1. （1.重庆科技大学 安全科学与工程学院，重庆 401331； 2.油气生产安全与风险控制重庆市重点实验室，重庆 401331）
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:宋宏伟，重庆科技大学安全科学与工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事油气化工过程安全方面的研究，重庆市沙坪坝区大学城东路20号，401331。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（52274177）；重庆市自然科学基金（CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0089）；重庆科技大学研究生创新计划项目（YKJCX2320703）

Diffusion characteristics and parameter sensitivity analysis of high⁃pressure hydrogen leakage in confined volumetric space

Song Hongwei1, Wang Wenhe1,2, Liu Hongxi1, Li Yuanyang1, Kuang Tingting1   

  1. (1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China; 2. Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oil and Gas Production Technology Safety and Risk Control, Chongqing 401331, China)
  • Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2025-02-28 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 为研究容积式受限空间内高压氢气泄漏扩散的影响因素，采用数值模拟方法分析环境温度、湿度、风速、泄漏位置和泄漏速率等参数对氢气体积分数分布的影响。建立了高压氢气体积分数变化的数值模型，并进行了基于关键参数的泄漏扩散敏感性分析。结果表明：氢气在容积式受限空间内呈现独特的分层扩散特性，其垂直动量向水平动量的转化过程中，涡量分布从初期的V字形结构演变为后期的双涡核结构；风速对扩散过程具有显著影响，3 m/s风速条件下氢气体积分数较静风条件下降低22.8%；不同泄漏孔形状导致氢气扩散行为差异明显，相同泄漏面积下，与圆形泄漏孔相比，正方形泄漏孔使局部体积分数提高22.94%；通过敏感性分析确定了泄漏速率（系数0.864）和风速（系数-0.988）是影响氢气扩散的主导因素。

关键词: 氢气泄漏, 容积式受限空间, 泄漏源参数, 敏感性分析

Abstract: To investigate the factors influencing the leakage and diffusion of high-pressure hydrogen in a confined volumetric space, we analyzed the effects of ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, leakage location, and leakage rate on hydrogen concentration distribution through numerical simulation. A high-pressure hydrogen concentration variation model was developed, and sensitivity analysis based on key parameters was conducted. The results indicate that hydrogen exhibits a distinct layered diffusion characteristic within a volumetric confined space. During the transition from vertical to horizontal momentum, the vorticity distribution evolves from an initial V-shaped structure to a later two-vortex core structure. Wind speed significantly impacts the diffusion process, with hydrogen volume fraction decreasing by 22.8% at 3 m/s. Different shapes of leakage holes result in notable variations in hydrogen diffusion behavior; when the leakage area is the same, the local hydrogen volume fraction in square leak holes is 22.94% higher than in round leak holes. The leakage rate (coefficient 0.864) and wind speed (coefficient -0.988) are identified as the primary factors affecting hydrogen diffusion.

Key words: hydrogen leakage, confined volumetric space, leakage source parameters, sensitivity analysis