主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 22-28.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多域特征融合的航空串联电弧故障识别及环境适应性研究

刘涛1,2,6, 邱睿智1,2, 唐海军3, 郭宇航4,5, 姜文涛1,2   

  1. （1.天津工业大学，天津 300387； 2.天津市电气装备智能控制重点实验室，天津 300387； 3.中国民航科学技术研究院，北京 100024； 4.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 5.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381； 6.天津航天机电设备研究所，天津 300301）
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-09-19 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 作者简介:刘 涛，天津工业大学副教授，主要从事电力电子与电机控制、电能质量研究，天津市西青区宾水西道399号，300387，liutao@tiangong.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2024SJ06）；天津市应用基础研究多元投入项目（22JCZDJC00930）

Research on the identification and environmental adaptability of aviation series arc faults based on multi-domain feature fusion

Liu Tao1,2,6, Qiu Ruizhi1,2, Tang Haijun3, Guo Yuhang4,5, Jiang Wentao1,2   

  1. (1. Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control for Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300387, China; 3. China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100024, China; 4. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 5. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 6. Tianjin Institute of Aerospace Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300301, China)
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-09-19 Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-15

摘要： 航空交流系统中串联电弧故障因电流幅值不超限、信号畸变微弱且易受环境干扰，在振动-湿热耦合条件下检测难度显著增加，直接威胁飞行安全。针对115 V/400 Hz系统多工况下的鲁棒识别问题，构建了可模拟振动与湿热复合环境的串联电弧故障试验平台，覆盖阻性、阻感性等典型负载工况。通过时域统计分析、频域特征分析及db4小波多尺度分解，结合相关系数阈值、F值筛选、置换重要性验证与PCA降维，获得了低冗余多域特征集。采用网格优化的RBF-SVM分类模型开展识别试验，结果表明，振动使阻感性负载10 A串联电弧故障的频谱峰值由1 767.92提升至9 120.03；湿度环境对串联电弧瞬态行为呈现“抑制-尖锐”双重效应，虽使小波能量降低了47.7%，但脉冲因子与峰度反而上升，表明放电间歇性增强；振动则表现为“促进-弥散”效应，提高了重燃频率，但分散脉冲强度；二者耦合时存在非线性竞争，导致复合工况下小波能量下降至284.69，串联电弧瞬态活动性被极度抑制。构建的多域融合模型的F1-macro值为0.99，较时域单域提升了62.3%。

关键词: 航空电源, 串联电弧故障, 特征提取, 小波分析, 多域特征融合

Abstract: Series arc faults in aircraft AC systems pose a critical threat to flight safety because the current amplitude does not exceed protection thresholds, signal distortion is subtle, the detection process is highly susceptible to environmental disturbances and under coupled vibration-humidity conditions, the difficulty of fault detection increases significantly. To address the challenge of robust identification in 115 V/400 Hz systems under multiple operating conditions, this study constructs a series arc fault experimental platform capable of simulating combined vibration and humid-thermal environments, covering representative resistive and resistive-inductive load scenarios. Time-domain statistical analysis, frequency-domain feature analysis, and db4 wavelet multi-scale decomposition are employed, combined with correlation-thresholding, F-value ranking, permutation importance validation, and PCA dimensionality reduction, to obtain a low-redundancy, multi-domain feature set. A grid-optimized RBF-SVM classification model is then applied for fault recognition. Results show that vibration increases the spectral peak of a 10 A series arc fault under resistive-inductive load from 1 767.92 to 9 120.03. Humidity exhibits a dual “suppression-sharpening” effect on transient arc behavior: although wavelet energy decreases by 47.7%, pulse factor and kurtosis increase, indicating enhanced intermittency of discharges. Vibration demonstrates a “promotion-dispersion” effect, raising reignition frequency but dispersing pulse intensity. When coupled, nonlinear competition occurs, leading to an extreme suppression of arc transients, with wavelet energy reduced to 284.69. The proposed multi-domain fusion model achieves an F1-macro score of 0.99, improving by 62.3% compared with time-domain features alone.

Key words: aviation power supply, series arc fault, feature extraction, wavelet analysis, integration of multi-domain features