主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 140-146.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于临界态CO2的原油储罐防护系统设计及验证

王龙1, 白云松2,3, 王晓峰1, 吴明军2,3, 冯宗蕊4, 陈涛4   

  1. （1.漳州市消防救援支队，福建 漳州 363000； 2.威特龙消防安全集团股份公司，四川 成都 611731； 3.油气消防四川省重点实验室，四川 成都 611731； 4.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:王 龙，漳州市消防救援支队，中级专业技术职务，主要从事灭火救援工作，福建省漳州市龙文区水仙大街119号，363000。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2022YFC3004903）；天津市科技计划项目（24YFZCSN00020）；油气消防四川省重点实验室开放基金（2024YQJ001）；漳州市科技拥军项目（Z2024KD01）

Design and verification of a crude oil storage tank protection system based on critical-state CO₂

Wang Long1, Bai Yunsong2,3, Wang Xiaofeng1, Wu Mingjun2,3, Feng Zongrui4, Chen Tao4   

  1. (1. Zhangzhou Fire and Rescue Division, Zhangzhou Fujian 363000, China; 2. Vitalong Fire Safety Group Joint Stock Company, Chengdu Sichuan 611371, China; 3. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fire Protection, Chengdu Sichuan 611371, China; 4. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-02-28 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 针对原油储罐结构的特殊性和安全风险特点，结合相关设计规范，对原油储罐临界态二氧化碳防护系统进行工程应用设计。根据应用设计的工程管网和储罐一、二次密封圈结构，设计并搭建测试平台进行防护系统可行性试验。结果表明，设计的临界态二氧化碳管道内最不利点管道末端喷头进口压力峰值为2.481 MPa，维持喷放压力1.5 MPa以上超300 s，密封圈环境最低温度可达-57.7 ℃，二氧化碳体积分数最大为36%。试验验证了原油储罐临界态二氧化碳管网具有切实的可行性，说明了临界态二氧化碳对油罐火灾具有良好的降温、惰化效果，为临界态二氧化碳在油罐火灾防控领域的应用提供了有力依据。

关键词: 临界态二氧化碳, 原油储罐, 密封圈火灾, 降温, 惰化

Abstract: Aiming at the structural particularities and safety risk characteristics of crude oil storage tanks, combined with relevant design specifications, an engineering application design of the critical-state carbon dioxide (CO2) protection system for crude oil storage tanks was carried out. According to the engineered pipe network and the structure of primary and secondary sealing rings of the storage tank determined by the application design, a test platform was designed and built to conduct a feasibility test of the protection system. The results show that the peak inlet pressure of the nozzle at the end of the pipe—the most unfavorable point in the designed critical-state CO2 pipeline—reaches 2.481 MPa, and the discharge pressure is maintained above 1.5 MPa for more than 300 seconds. The minimum ambient temperature at the sealing ring can reach -57.7 ℃, and the maximum CO2 volume fraction is 36%. The test verifies the practical feasibility of the critical-state CO2 pipe network for crude oil storage tanks, and demonstrates that critical-state CO2 has excellent cooling and inerting effects on oil tank fires, which provides a strong basis for the application of critical-state CO2 in the field of oil tank fire prevention and control.

Key words: critical-state carbon dioxide, crude oil storage tank, sealing ring fire, cooling, inerting