主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 120-126.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

消防救援人员应急救援能力评价模型

陈枭1,2, 杨齐顺3, 田丝雨4, 吴鹏4   

  1. （1.天津体育学院 运动训练学院，天津 301617； 2.中南财经政法大学 体育部，湖北 武汉 430000； 3.武汉商学院 体育学院，湖北 武汉 430000； 4.天津体育学院 体育教育学院，天津 301617）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:陈枭，天津体育学院博士研究生，中南财经政法大学体育部副教授，主要从事体育应急管理方面的研究，天津市静海区，301617。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市高等学校人文社会科学研究项目（2020SK157）

Assessment model of the emergency rescue capabilities of fire and rescue personnel

Chen Xiao1,2, Yang Qishun3, Tian Siyu4, Wu Peng4   

  1. (1. School of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; 2. Department of Physical Education, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan Hubei 430000, China; 3. School of Physical Education, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan Hubei 430000, China; 4. School of Sports Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China)
  • Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-04-14 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-15

摘要： 采用质性-量化混合研究设计，首先运用扎根理论对访谈与文本资料进行三级编码，构建能力初始模型，包含政治素养、心理资本、基础支撑、专业执行与环境适应5个维度；继而采用整群抽样向全国消防救援人员发放问卷，运用探索性与验证性因子分析完成模型检验；最后提出能力建设建议。研究表明，探索性因子分析信效度良好，验证性因子分析拟合优良；模型契合洋葱模型结构，以政治素养为核心驱动层，心理资本与基础支撑构成中间调节层，专业执行与环境适应为表面外显层，揭示了“价值内化-能力积淀-行为外显”的传导路径；模型具备任务导向下的动态协同机制，5个维度间实现了功能互嵌与场景适配。

关键词: 消防救援人员, 应急救援能力, 实证分析, 洋葱理论模型

Abstract: This study employs a qualitative-quantitative mixed-methods design. First, grounded theory is applied to conduct three-level coding of interview transcripts and text data to construct an initial model of emergency rescue capabilities, including five dimensions: political literacy, psychological capital, foundational support, professional execution, and environmental adaptation. Next, a cluster sampling method is utilized to survey fire and rescue personnel nationwide, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the model. Finally, recommendations for enhancing competencies are proposed. The findings reveal that: The results of EFA demonstrate excellent reliability and validity indicators, and CFA results confirm the model fits well. The model aligns with the competency onion model, where political literacy forms the core driving layer, foundational support and psychological capital constitute the intermediate moderating layer, and professional execution and environmental adaptation serve as the visible surface layer. This model reveals the "value internalization-capability accumulation-behavior manifestation" transmission mechanism. The model has a task-oriented dynamic collaboration mechanism, achieving functional embedding and scene adaptation among five dimensions.

Key words: fire and rescue personnel, emergency rescue capabilities, empirical analysis, onion theory model