主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 73-78.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.06.0073.06

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常见固体硝酸盐火灾危险性分类研究

白晓军1, 任海平2, 龚辉3, 赵茁轶4, 刘航1   

  1. （1.赛鼎工程有限公司，山西 太原 030032； 2.太原市消防救援支队，山西 太原 030009； 3.万华化学(福建)有限公司，福建 福清 350300； 4.阳泉市消防救援支队，山西 阳泉 045000）
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-13 修回日期:2026-04-04 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 作者简介:白晓军，赛鼎工程有限公司正高级工程师，技术总监，主要从事化工总图设计工作，山西综改示范区太原学府园区晋阳街赛鼎路 1 号，030032，baixiaojun@sedin.com.cn。

Research on fire hazard classification of common solid nitrates

Bai Xiaojun1, Ren Haiping2, Gong Hui3, Zhao Zhuoyi4, Liu Hang1   

  1. (1. Sedin Engineering Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Shanxi 030032, China; 2. Taiyuan Fire and Rescue Division,Taiyuan Shanxi 030009, China; 3. Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) Co., Ltd., Fuqing Fujian 350300, China; 4. Yangquan Fire and Rescue Division,Yangquan Shanxi 045000, China)
  • Received:2026-03-13 Revised:2026-04-04 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15

摘要： 现行防火规范中储存固体的火灾危险性分类，主要参照1971年颁发的《危险货物运输规则》及《危险货物品名表》，并将该品名表中一级、二级危险物质对应的火灾危险性划分为甲类和乙类。虽然2005年交通部门颁布的《危险货物品名表》正式废止一级、二级物质分级办法，但GB 50016—2006《建筑设计防火规范》中火灾危险性分类的核心依据未同步修订。根据GB 30000.15—2013《化学品分类和标签规范 第15部分：氧化性固体》标准，硝酸钾、硝酸钠等常见固体硝酸盐均属于氧化性固体类别3，而GB 50160—2008（2018年版）《石油化工企业设计防火标准》仍参照GBJ 16—87《建筑设计防火规范》，将其划分为甲类。本研究引入GB 30000.15标准及现行《危险化学品分类信息表》作为常见固体硝酸盐火灾危险性分类的新参考依据，建立硝酸盐氧化性类别与火灾危险性分类的对应关系。

关键词: 固体硝酸盐, 火灾危险性, 氧化性, 标准演化, 危险性分类

Abstract: The classification of fire hazard for solid storage in current fire protection codes mainly refers to the Regulations on the transport of dangerous goods and the List of dangerous goods issued in 1971. Fire hazards corresponding to Class I and Class II dangerous substances in this list are categorized as Class A and Class B, respectively. In 2005, List of dangerous goods issued by the transportation authorities was formally abolished, along with the classification method for Class I and Class II substances. However, the core basis for fire hazard classification in GB 50016—2006 Code for fire protection design of buildings has not been revised accordingly. According to the standard GB 30000.15—2013 Rules for classification and labelling of chemicals-Part 15: Oxidizing solids, common solid nitrates such as potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate fall under oxidizing solid category 3. Nevertheless, the GB 50160—2008, 2018 Edition Fire prevention standard for petrochemical enterprises design still refers to the GBJ 16—87 Code for fire protection design of buildings and classifies them as Class A. This study introduces the GB 30000.15 standard and the current Classification information table of hazardous chemicals as new reference bases for the fire hazard classification of common solid nitrates, establishing a correspondence between the oxidizing category of nitrates and the fire hazard classification.

Key words: solid nitrates, fire hazard, oxidizing property, standard evolution； hazard classification