主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 88-95.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

SiO2纳米颗粒强化的凝胶泡沫对煤自燃的抑制特性研究

张运增1, 邢真强2, 张福成1, 王琳淇1, 李龙1   

  1. （1.国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司，内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017219； 2.中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司，辽宁 抚顺 113122）
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-09 修回日期:2026-06-12 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-15
  • 作者简介:张运增，国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司，主要从事煤自燃方面的研究工作，内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗乌兰木伦镇上湾金龙路北，017219。

Study on characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion inhibition by SiO2 nanoparticle-reinforced gel foam

Zhang Yunzeng1, Xing Zhenqiang2, Zhang Fucheng1, Wang Linqi1, Li Long1   

  1. (1. Guoneng Shendong Coal Group Co., Ltd., Ordos Inner Mongolia 017219, China; 2. CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute Co., Ltd., Fushun Liaoning 113122, China)
  • Received:2026-04-09 Revised:2026-06-12 Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-07-15

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摘要： 为提升凝胶泡沫的热稳定性及对煤自燃的抑制效果，本研究以SiO₂纳米颗粒为强化剂，通过泡沫混合液性质表征、起泡性能测试、热稳定性试验及同步热分析试验，系统探究SiO₂纳米颗粒对凝胶泡沫液的影响规律，揭示其强化凝胶泡沫热稳定性的作用机理，并分析改性凝胶泡沫对煤自燃的抑制特性。结果表明：SiO₂纳米颗粒对凝胶泡沫液性质调控作用显著，随其浓度增加，泡沫液表面张力呈先升后降趋势，电导率与黏度则先降后升；SiO₂纳米颗粒会降低凝胶泡沫的起泡性能，且浓度越高，起泡性能衰减越明显；当SiO₂纳米颗粒质量分数为1.5%时，可有效延缓热作用下凝胶泡沫的体积衰减与析液过程，显著提升泡沫的隔热性能，进而增强其热稳定性；1.0%的SiO₂纳米颗粒改性的凝胶泡沫能显著提高煤样的特征温度，有效削弱煤氧化过程的热释放强度，减少热积累，通过物理阻化作用显著抑制煤自燃的低温氧化与受热分解。本研究为强化凝胶泡沫在煤自燃防治领域的应用提供了试验依据与理论支撑。

关键词: SiO2纳米颗粒, 凝胶泡沫, 泡沫热稳定性, 煤自燃, 阻化作用

Abstract: To improve the thermal stability and coal spontaneous combustion inhibition effect of gel foam, SiO₂ nanoparticles were used as reinforcing agents in this study. The effects of SiO₂ nanoparticles on gel foam solution were systematically investigated through foam mixture property characterization, foaming performance test, thermal stability experiment and simultaneous thermal analysis experiment. The reinforcement mechanism of SiO₂ nanoparticles on the thermal stability of gel foam was revealed, and the inhibition characteristics of modified gel foam on coal spontaneous combustion were analyzed. The results showed that SiO₂ nanoparticles had a significant regulatory effect on the properties of gel foam solution. With the increase of its concentration, the surface tension of foam solution increased first and then decreased, while the conductivity and viscosity decreased first and then increased. SiO₂ nanoparticles reduced the foaming performance of gel foam, and the higher the concentration, the more obvious the attenuation of foaming performance. When the mass fraction of SiO₂ nanoparticles was 1.5%, the volume attenuation and drainage process of gel foam under thermal action could be effectively delayed, the thermal insulation performance of foam was significantly improved, and thus its thermal stability was enhanced. The gel foam modified by 1.0% SiO₂ nanoparticles could significantly increase the characteristic temperatures of coal samples, effectively weaken the heat release intensity in the coal oxidation process, reduce heat accumulation, and significantly inhibit the low-temperature oxidation and thermal decomposition stages of coal spontaneous combustion through physical inhibition. This study provides experimental basis and theoretical support for the application of nanoparticle-reinforced gel foam in the field of coal spontaneous combustion prevention and control.

Key words: SiO2 nanoparticles, gel foam, foam thermal stability, coal spontaneous combustion, inhibition effect