主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 340-343.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

轻型木结构建筑外墙火灾蔓延试验研究

彭磊1，邱培芳1，蒋邓睿2   

  1. 1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381；2.苏州市消防救援支队，江苏 苏州 215008
  • 出版日期:2020-03-15 发布日期:2020-03-15
  • 作者简介:彭 磊（1980-），男，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，博士，主要从事装配式钢结构及木结构建筑防火研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0703503）

Experimental study on fire spread upon exterior wood-frame walls

PENG Lei1, QIU Pei-fang1, JIANG Deng-rui2   

  1. 1. Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Suzhou Fire and Rescue Detachment, Jiangsu Suzhou 215008, China
  • Online:2020-03-15 Published:2020-03-15

摘要： 搭建实体火灾试验平台，对窗口溢出火焰沿木骨架组合外墙竖向蔓延特性进行研究。根据不同的外墙饰面材料及构造设置3种典型的工况，分析火焰蔓延、炭化情况以及不同位置温度随时间的变化。结果表明，对于硅酸钙板作外饰面层且无空腔的构造，外墙火灾蔓延危险性最小；对于带空腔的水泥挂板构造，水泥挂板在火焰高温作用下出现变形和破裂，导致空腔后面OSB板被引燃，火焰和烟气沿空腔向上蔓延；对于带空腔的阻燃木挂板构造，外挂板在窗口火作用下经历了引燃、平缓燃烧、剧烈燃烧三个阶段，最终出现失控的火蔓延。对于带空腔的外墙构造，金属泛水条有助于减缓火灾的竖向蔓延。

关键词: 木骨架组合结构, 外墙, 火灾蔓延, 空腔

Abstract: Experimental fire tests platform were built to study the effect of external flame ejected from windows on fire spread of exterior wood-frame walls. Three typical scenarios were studied by considering different construction details and siding materials. Flame spread, carbonization and temperature change with time at different positions were analyzed. Test results showed that the exterior wall with calcium-silicate siding boards and non-cavity had the best performance. For the exterior wall with fiber-cement siding boards and cavity, the fiber-cement boards would deform and break under the flame exposure, leaving the OSB behind the cavity be ignited and the spread of flame and smoke upward along the cavity. For the exterior wall with fire-retardant wooden siding boards and cavity, it experienced ignition, steady burning and vigorous burning stages, and the fire spread upwards and went out of control. For exterior wall with cavities, the metal flush helped to reduce the vertical fire spread upon exterior walls.

Key words: timber composite structure, exterior wall, fire spread, air cavity