主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1447-1451.

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基于容量有限的嵌套型消防站层次覆盖选址模型

陈振南1，张鹏2，吴立志3，夏登友3   

  1. 1. 中国人民警察大学研究生院，河北廊坊065000；2. 中国人民警察大学智慧警务学院，河北廊坊065000；3. 中国人民警察大学救援指挥学院，河北廊坊065000
  • 出版日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 张鹏（1981—），男，中国人民警察大学智慧警务学院副教授。
  • 作者简介:陈振南(1992—)，男，山东淄博人，中国人民警察大学研究生院硕士研究生，主要研究方向为消防应急与指挥，河北省廊坊市，065000。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金资助项目“情景动态变化下突发灾害事故应急决策模型及应用研究”(G2018507023)；河北省自然科学基金资助项目“区域产业结构调整下的灾害间接经济影响重建模型研究”(D2015507046)

Nested hierarchical coverage location model for fire station with limited capacity

CHEN Zhen-nan1,ZHANG Peng2, WU Li-zhi3,XIA Deng-you3   

  1. 1. Department of Graduate, China People's Police University,Hebei Langfang 065000, China; 2. Academy of Intelligent Police, China People's Police University, Hebei Langfang 065000, China; 3. Academy of Rescue Command, China People’s Police University, Hebei Langfang 065000, China
  • Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-15

摘要： 为科学规划消防站选址，实现有限资源下应急资源的合理配置，提高消防站覆盖效率，提出一种基于容量有限的嵌套型消防站层次覆盖选址模型。首先，基于层次和嵌套，提出选址时应对消防站进行分级，允许高级别消防站覆盖范围内嵌套建立附属低级别消防站，实现重点区域的多重覆盖及提高郊区的覆盖效率；其次，基于消防站容量有限，在一定范围内使同级同类消防站负担火灾风险平均化；最后，设计基于遗传算法的求解流程并进行算例分析。研究结果表明：与广义最大覆盖模型相比，层次覆盖选址模型覆盖火灾风险更大，对火灾风险高的区域覆盖更全，同级同类消防站之间覆盖火灾风险差距更小。

关键词: 消防站选址, 层次覆盖, 嵌套选址, 遗传算法

Abstract: In order to scientifically allocate limited fire resource and elevate coverage efficiency of fire station, a nested hierarchical coverage location model for fire station with limited capacity was presented. Firstly, with the rule of hierarchy and nest, fire stations should be classified when siting, and the coverage area of high-level fire stations was allowed to establish affiliated low- level fire stations, so as to multiply covering urban area and improve coverage efficiency in suburb area. Secondly, considering limited capacity of fire station, fire risk that the same level and same type of fire station was responsible for should be averaged within a certain gap scope. Finally, genetic algorithm was designed to solve model and an example was taken to verify the model. The research proved that: compared to generalized maximal coverage model, fire station location selected by nested hierarchical coverage location model with limited capacity could cover more fire risk, multiply covering high fire risk area and average fire risk between the same level and same type of fire station.

Key words: fire station location, hierarchical coverage, nested location, genetic algorithm