主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 750-753.

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计划烧除对云南松纯林可燃物的影响

张文文1 ，闫想想1 ，王秋华1 ，李晓娜2 ，龙腾腾1 ，普俊3 ，丁宗达3   

  1. （1. 西南林业大学 土木工程学院，云南 昆明 650224；2. 西南林业大学 地理与生态旅游学院，云南 昆明 650224；3. 新平县林业局，云南 玉溪 653400）
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-22 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 王秋华（1978-），男，西南林业大学土木工程学院教授。
  • 作者简介:张文文（1994-），女，河南周口人，西南林业大学土木工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事森林防火研究，云南省昆明市盘龙区白龙寺 300 号，650224。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（31660210）；云南省农业联合面上项目（2018FG001-055）；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2019Y0145）

Effects of prescribed burning on pinusyunnanensis pure forest fuel in Yunnan province

ZHANG Wen-wen1, YAN Xiang-xiang1, WANG Qiu-hua1, LI Xiao-na2, LONG Teng-teng1, PU Jun2, DING Zong-da3   

  1. (1. School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Forestry University,Yunnan Kunming 650224,China; 2.School of Geography and Ecotoursim,Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Kunming 650224,China; 3. Forestry Bureau in Xinping County, Yunnan Yuxi 653400,China)
  • Received:2020-01-22 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-15

摘要： 在云南省玉溪市新平县照壁山云南松纯林内，连续三年在同一位置设置固定样地，通过调查、采样，观测计划烧除时的点着时间、熄灭时间、辐射热、火焰高度、蔓延速度等火行为，调查并统计未计划烧除和计划烧除样地内的灌木和草本的物种组成、丰富度和频率。结果表明：随着计划烧除次数增加，灌木、草本以及蕨类的高度均降低，降低了林内的垂直连续性，即使发生火灾也很难导致树冠火的发生；经过三年连续的观测、调查，地表可燃物平均载量为 0.85±0.25 kg/m2，计划烧除的烧除效果与可燃物载量密切相关；短时间内，计划烧除样地内的灌木和草本的物种丰富度显著减少；计划烧除后紫茎泽兰重要值降低，蕨菜重要值明显增加。

关键词: 烧损率, 地表可燃物, 计划烧除, 云南松纯林

Abstract: In the pure forest of pinus yunnanensis in Zhaobi moun⁃tain, Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, a fixed sample plot was set up at the same location for 3 consecutive years. Through field survey and sampling,the ignition time, extinction time, radiant heat, flame height, spread speed and other fire behaviors of prescribed burning were observed, and the species composition, richness and frequency of shrubs and herbs in the sample plots of unplanned and planned burning were investigated and counted. The results showed that: with the increase of planned burning times,the height of shrubs, herbs and ferns decreased, which reduced the vertical continuity in the forest,and it was difficult to cause canopy fire even if fire occurred. After 3 years of continuous observation and investigation,the average surface fuel load was 0.85 ± 0.25 kg/m2 ,and the burning effect of planned burning was closely related to fuel load. In a short period of time, the species richness of shrubs and herbs in the sample plot was significantly reduced. After planned burning, the important value of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng decreased, while the important value of bracken increased significantly.

Key words: burning rate, surface fuel, prescribed burning, pure forest of pinus yunnanensis

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