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15 June 2023, Volume 42 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on starch explosion suppression by high speed response explosion suppression device under explosion relief condition Jiang Yichang, Song Chen, Zou Jie, Xiao Fei 2023, 42 (6):  735-741.  Abstract ( 452 )   The study aims to investigate effective safety techniques for controlling dust explosions in large interconnected containers using ABC dry powder as the explosion suppression medium. The experiments were conducted in a 5 m3 industrial container, filled with corn starch-air mixture, under explosion venting conditions. The researchers used a self-developed explosion suppression device to explore the variation of peak explosion pressure and flame propagation velocity during a dust explosion and to assess the effectiveness of the device in suppressing the explosion under the specified conditions. The findings revealed that the maximum explosion pressure inside the container under venting conditions was 19.59 kPa. Moreover, the peak pressure gradually decreased from the container to the end of the connected pipeline, while the flame propagation velocity increased with increasing distance. Chemical explosion suppression is a complex process that involves interactions between explosion pressure waves and flames and high-pressure nitrogen-explosion suppression agent mist, which includes the collision of gas flows, inertization, and heat absorption and release. Thus, the use of explosion suppression devices necessitates that sufficient suppression distance be reserved to address these complexities. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of tank truck speed on the temperature distribution and smoke spread of tunnel fire An Weiguang, Guang Daqing, Chen Fanbao 2023, 42 (6):  742-746.  Abstract ( 536 )   The Fluent software is used to establish the motion fire model of the tank truck in the tunnel and the numerical simulation was made. The temperature distribution and smoke spread law of the tank truck in the tunnel after fire are mainly studied under different driving speeds. The results show that when the driving speed is low, the ceiling jet will be formed in the tunnel, the diffusion speed of the plume to the front of the movement is faster and the temperature is higher, the influence range of the high temperature zone, the smoke concentration and the distribution range are also larger. With the increase of speed, the position of the ceiling jet is also closer to the front of the movement, the ceiling jet is difficult to form, and the vortex mass flow is formed behind the tank truck. The influence range of the high temperature zone is also gradually reduced as to the wind flow, and the smoke concentration changes sharply at a certain position behind the tank truck. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of aging on inorganic compound flame retardant asphalt pavement application and flame retardant properties Jiang Haojia, Huang Yadong, Wu Ke, Zhu Kai, 2023, 42 (6):  747-751.  Abstract ( 327 )   In order to investigate the changes of pavement application and fire safety performance of flame retardant asphalt under different aging conditions, 85 min short-term aging, 270 min long-term aging and long-term wet heat aging of flame retardant asphalt were carried out by rotating film oven (RTFOT). The penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity were used to research the pavement performance indexes of aging flame retardant asphalt. At the same time, the fire safety performance of aging flame retardant asphalt was investigated by combining the Oxygen index test (LOI), thermogravimetric test (TG) and conical calorimetry test. The experimental results show that the anti-aging performance of the flame retardant asphalt is better than that of the base asphalt, which can effectively reduce the influence of asphalt aging on the pavement performance. In terms of fire safety performance, with the increase of thermal oxygen aging time, the decomposition of flame retardant is more, the oxygen index of flame retardant asphalt decreases, and the release rate and amount of smoke at the initial stage of combustion increase. However, in the late combustion stage, due to the formation of multiple components of asphalt during the aging process, the combustion of asphalt can be effectively inhibited, and the release rate of hot smoke is reduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on AC fault arc discharge energy under resistive load Jiang Huiling, Bai Gali, Deng Qing, Lang Zhe 2023, 42 (6):  752-756.  Abstract ( 335 )   The experimental platform for low-voltage AC series arc was made to collect the arc voltage and current under different resistance sizes. The primary objective of this platform has been to analyze the AC arc characteristics and the energy of semi-power frequency period arc discharge was calculated by using the law of conservation of energy, and the relationship between circuit resistance and semi-power frequency period arc electrical parameters and energy size was discussed. The results of the experiment indicate that the effective resistance of the unit arc became larger as the circuit resistance became larger, however, the effective current and the arc energy became smaller. The effective current of the stable arc per unit arc was greater than the effective current of the unstable arc per unit arc, and its effective resistance and arc energy were opposite. Ultimately, a functional relationship between the circuit resistance and the discharge energy of the unit arc was obtained, which was used to evaluate its ability to ignite flammable and explosive gases or vapors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on burning characteristics of common floor Lu Feng, Zhu Guoqing 2023, 42 (6):  757-761.  Abstract ( 331 )   In this paper, 11 kinds of commonly used floor are selected as the research objects. The ignition time, heat release rate, fire performance index, total heat release, effective heat of combustion and carbon monoxide generation were studied by using the cone calorimeter. The floor whose fire safety rated from high to low are chestnut, Pometia spp, scholartree, xylosma, white oak, elm, chipboard, medium density fiberboard, high density fiberboard, maple and phyllostachys pubescens. The combustion of the sample can be divided into 4 stages and they are first violent combustion stage, first combustion attenuation stage, second violent combustion stage and second combustion attenuation stage. All samples have similar effective combustion heat and carbon monoxide generation and they are 12 MJ/kg and 17×10-6. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation on temperature and flame height of fire plume of annular pool fire Fang Wei, Zhang Shaogang, Liu Jiahao, Wang Jinhui 2023, 42 (6):  762-767.  Abstract ( 356 )   In this paper, FDS is used to study the temperature and flame height of annular pool fire under flame fusion and non-fusion. The results show that the variation trend of the maximum temperature rise of the plume is closely related to the flame state. Introduced the ratio of internal radius to external radius δ,and a new dimensionless flame height H^* is defined. With the same δ, H^* increases with the increase of heat release rate. When the heat release rate of fire source is the same and the flame is fused, H^* shows an upward trend with the increase of δ, and the greater the heat release rate of fire source is, the more obvious the upward trend is. When the fire heat release rate is the same and the flame is not fused, the H^* decreases with the increase of δ. And the empirical characterization models of flame height were proposed under the flame fusion and non-fusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the influence of outside wind on fire smoke Liang Zhentao 2023, 42 (6):  768-772.  Abstract ( 351 )   In order to study the influence of outside wind on fire smoke, multi-functional smoke movement and control experimental system was built. The effects of outside wind on smoke layer temperature, smoke production and smoke deposition were studied by simulating different wind speeds. The results showed that: when the wind speed is less than 0.75 m/s, the temperature of the smoke layer decreases rapidly with the increase of the wind speed, but when the wind speed increases again, the temperature of the smoke layer does not decrease slowly. The maximum temperature of smoke occurred in the range of 0.10 ~ 0.17 dimensionless distances in the downwind, and the temperature in the downwind of the fire source was generally higher than that in the upwind. The wind will greatly increase the smoke production, but with the increase of wind speed, the increasing rate of smoke production will become smaller and smaller. With the increase of wind speed, the maximum temperature gradient of the smoke layer interface decreases gradually, the smoke layer interface becomes more and more unclear, and the smoke will fill the whole space. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on fire spread characteristics of traditional timber structure buildings Li Qiang, Hao Ailing, Shen Yingbo, 2023, 42 (6):  773-778.  Abstract ( 337 )   In view of the large fire risk of timber structure buildings and the need for appropriate protection measures, comparison full-scale fire experiments of typical timber structure buildings were carried out to study the occurrence, development and spread characteristics of fire in the buildings. By comparing the changes of temperature, thermal radiation and building burn under different test conditions, the influence of fire retardant coating and other measures on preventing the rapid spread of fire in traditional timber structure buildings and enhancing the fire performance of buildings was discussed. The study is hoped to provide technical support for the follow-up fire risk assessment of traditional timber structure buildings and the corresponding suggestions on fire protection measures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the fire prevention effect of different materials of fire barriers in cable tunnels Pu Ziheng, Hu Jin, Guo Wei, Zhou Shiyi 2023, 42 (6):  779-784.  Abstract ( 353 )   In order to compare the fire protection and heat insulation effects of different materials of fire barriers in cable tunnels and provide a reference for the selection of fire barriers, this paper first tests the combustion and mechanical properties of four typical fire barriers used in tunnels, and then builds a real test platform to simulate cable tunnel fire, and conducts comparative tests on the fire protection effects of different barriers. The results show that the inorganic calcium silicate board is incombustible, but its mechanical properties are the worst. In the true type test, the partition plate breaks under three kinds of fire power, and can not play a role in fire protection after breaking; Inorganic glass magnesium plate is incombustible. In the true type test, the mechanical properties become worse under the fire power of 300 kW and 400 kW, the upper part of the fire source of the partition is deformed, and the fire prevention effect is poor; The organic pultrusion board is combustible, and the back fire surface of the partition will be ignited under the fire source power of 300 kW and 400 kW, which cannot play a role in fire prevention; The organic molded plate is difficult to burn. In the true type test, under the power of three fire sources, the heat insulation effect is good, the back fire surface will not be ignited, and the mechanical property is good, which can play a good fire protection effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the extinguishing of oil pool-type flames by fine water mist-inert gas containing phosphorus salts based on a quantitative model Luo Zhenmin, Meng Ziqi, Wang Tao, , Wang Xin 2023, 42 (6):  785-790.  Abstract ( 290 )   A natural green phosphate salt additive sodium phytate is selected as a fine water mist additive and compared with the commonly used phosphate salt additive ammonium hypophosphite. Two inert gases （N2, CO2） are selected, and the additive fine water mist and additive fine water mist-inert gas composite extinguishing agent were used to extinguish ethanol and n-heptane fires by independent design and construction of a cup burner experimental device for studying gas-liquid fire extinguishing media. The experiments were carried out on ethanol fire and n-heptane fire, and the mechanism of fire extinguishing effect was evaluated by establishing a quantitative model of physicochemical inhibition of fire extinguishing agents. The results show that the addition of two phosphorus salt additives can improve the fire extinguishing effect of fine water mist, 1% and 3% mass fraction of sodium phytate improve the effect more obvious than ammonium hypophosphate, and sodium phytate fine water mist is the best fire extinguishing concentration. Sodium phytate fine water mist at 3% mass fraction has the best fire extinguishing efficiency, 5% mass fraction of that is not as good as pure water fine water mist. The minimum fire extinguishing fraction continues to decrease with the increase in mass fraction of ammonium hypophosphate fine water mist. For the gas-liquid composite extinguishing agent, inert gas on the fine water mist extinguishing efficiency has different degrees of improvement, and CO2 is more effective compared to N2. Meanwhile, for the same type of extinguishing agent, evaluated by quantitative model, the chemical coefficient of the extinguishing agent and the extinguishing efficiency are with good correspondence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction model of critical fire suppression concentration of low-carbon chain halogenated hydrocarbons Wang Kai, Wang Dezheng, Zhou Biao, Chen Tao, 2023, 42 (6):  791-794.  Abstract ( 297 )   Under the background of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is urgent to screen environment-friendly gas fire extinguishing agents. There is still a lack of effective critical fire suppression concentration prediction model for low-carbon chain halogenated hydrocarbon gases. In this study, experiment and theoretical analysis are combined, and relevant parameters are selected based on dimensional analysis. Based on the molecular physicochemical properties and molecular structures of 16 typical fluorine-containing gases, this study used a dimensional analysis method to construct a critical fire suppression concentration prediction model. The comparative analysis with the experimental data of new low-carbon chain halogenated hydrocarbons shows that the model can be effectively used to predict the critical fire suppression concentration, which provides a certain theoretical basis and important technical support for the rapid screening and research and development of new halogenated hydrocarbons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence of layout and blasting position on the extinguishing effect of fire extinguishing tube Wang Haoxuan, Sheng Yanfeng, Dong Haibin, Hu Qunming, 2023, 42 (6):  795-798.  Abstract ( 324 )   In order to study the influence of factors such as layout and blasting port location on the fire extinguishing effect of the new fire extinguishing product fire extinguishing tube in the actual application process, the static operation temperature of the fire extinguishing tube with the pre-stored pressure of 0.8 MPa and 1.2 MPa respectively was measured by the test method specified in the relevant standards. The residual rate and fire extinguishing conditions of HFC227eea fire extinguishing tube and FK-5-1-12 fire extinguishing tube were compared and analyzed by fire entity test. The results show that the higher the pre-stored pressure, the earlier the blasting action and the lower the static temperature. The influence of the layout and blasting port location on the residual situation of the HFC227eea fire extinguishing tube is less than that of the FK-5-1-12 fire extinguishing tube; The influence of layout and blasting port location on the fire extinguishing effect of HFC227eea fire extinguishing tube is also smaller than that of FK-5-1-12 fire extinguishing tube. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical analysis of exoskeleton of fire water gun Li Yanzhi, Wang Jianmin, Zhuang Yanjie, Li Guohui, 2023, 42 (6):  799-803.  Abstract ( 331 )   In view of the current health needs, the analysis of the exoskeleton of firefighters fire water guns based on human biomechanics is carried out to provide a theoretical reference of universal significance to reduce the occupational injury of firefighters. Design and organize the simulation experiment under the test conditions of firefighters with fire water gun wearing and not wearing the exoskeleton, obtain the body movement information of firefighters under the working condition, and analyze the muscle activity and joint reaction force of firefighters wearing and not wearing the exoskeleton under the working condition. Compared with those without the exoskeleton, when the exoskeleton is worn, the activation degree of the right shoulder and back muscles decreases significantly, while the activation degree of the left muscles increases slightly, and the activation degree of both muscles tends to be balanced to avoid unilateral muscle fatigue. At the same time, when wearing the exoskeleton, the stress of the fire water gun exoskeleton on the left lower limb joint was improved. The unilateral placement of the water gun led to a slight increase in the lower limb joint torque, but the reaction force of the right glenohumeral joint decreased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on standards of filtering respiratory protective devices for self-rescue from fire at home and abroad Yang Xiaoshi, Shi Wei 2023, 42 (6):  804-807.  Abstract ( 325 )   The performance of respiratory protective devices is directly related to the life safety of users, so the making and revision of relevant national standards are very important. Based on the performance requirements and test methods of filtering respiratory protective devices for self-rescue from fire, this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the current national standard GB 21976.1-2008 and the relevant standards of Europe, the United States and the International Organization for Standardization. The research results show that compared with the European and American standards, especially the latest ISO standards, there are gaps in both performance requirements and test methods of the domestic standards, especially the protective performance and test methods of the filter device against toxic gases, and practical performance tests of the respirator. The relevant requirements of the existing national standard are not adequate to the investigation of the comprehensive performance of respiratory protective devices under actual use conditions. It is suggested to refer to the foreign standards and revise GB 21976.1-2008, so as to effectively guarantee the safety of users and standardize the production of related products. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of modified montmorillonite on properties of silicone rubber foam composites Liu Bo, Wang Chunyu, Ji Xian, Gong Hua 2023, 42 (6):  808-811.  Abstract ( 300 )   Four kinds of modified montmorillonite/silicone rubber foam composites (SiFs) were prepared by high temperature vulcanization method. The flame retardant and mechanical properties of the silicone rubber foam composites containing different modified montmorillonite were studied. Oxygen index tester, cone calorimeter and mechanical tensile instrument were used to measure the flame retardant and mechanical properties of SiFs. The results of oxygen index tester, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer and mechanical tensile tester show that cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified montmorillonite (CMMT) has a significant effect on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of SiFs. When the addition of CMMT is 3%，The limiting oxygen index value of SiFs reaches 28.5% and reaches V-0 level. Compared with pure SiF, the elongation at break of its increased to 278%, and the peak heat release and total smoke production decreased by 20.8% and 39% respectively. CMMT promotes the formation of dense carbon layer of SiFs, which significantly improves the flame retardancy of SiFs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical simulation of atomization performance of perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent Wang Zhiyuan, Huang Jiang, He Yuanhua 2023, 42 (6):  812-817.  Abstract ( 373 )   In order to analyze the atomization performance of perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent at different ambient temperatures, the atomization cone angle, liquid film crushing process and particle size distribution characteristics of perfluorohexanone spray at four ambient temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 ℃) were studied by using the coupled numerical simulation method of VOF and DPM. The results show that with the increase of ambient temperature, the tangential velocity and centrifugal force of perfluorohexanone at the nozzle outlet increase, and the atomizing cone angle increases gradually. When the temperature increased from 5 ℃ to 35 ℃, the air viscosity increased by 11.76%, the surface tension of perfluorohexanone decreased by 23.08%, the gas-liquid force intensified, and the penetrating distance of perfluorohexanone liquid film in the spray space was shortened by 20%. The droplet particle size was smaller when perfluorohexanone liquid film was broken at one time, which resulted in a significant decrease in the Sott mean diameter of droplet. With the development of spraying process, large size droplets of perfluorohexanone (240~320 μm) were further broken into a large number of small droplets, and the size distribution of the spray droplets became more uniform in space. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the influence of superfine dry powder and heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent on cable trench fire extinguishing efficiency Tu Yue, Yi Tao, Wang Shenzhe, Gao Fei 2023, 42 (6):  818-822.  Abstract ( 331 )   A full-scale cable trench model is established to analyze the temperature distribution characteristics at the cable trench top, and combining with the development process of the coupling fire source, two fire extinguishing agents, including superfine dry powder and heptafluoropropane, are employed to analyze the extinguishing effect of the distance of the fire extinguisher-fire source and the fire extinguishing agent types. The study found that the ceiling temperature attenuation induced by the coupled fire source has an exponential relationship with the increasing distance; When the distance between fire extinguishers is large, the fire extinguisher will not reach the response temperature, leading to the fire extinguishing system failure; Both superfine dry powder and heptafluoropropane extinguishing have chemical inhibition, cooling and asphyxiation effects. Because heptafluoropropane has the process of liquid transforming into gas during the fire extinguishing, it has better cooling effect. At the same time, it can rapidly discharge the air in the cable trench at the spraying moment, enhancing the asphyxiation effect in the confined space, and finally extinguishs the fire successfully. The 220 kV large cross-section cable (16 cm in diameter) is used in this study, which leads to the more significant shielding effect of the upper large cross-section cable on the lower fire source, reduces the contact area between the superfine dry powder and the combustor surface, thereby weakens the fire extinguishing effect of the superfine dry powder, and ultimately leads to fire extinguishing failure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the probability model of flying fire ignition of Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv forest based on Logistic regression Xin Ying, Liu Jiahao, Hou Wensheng, Gu Chen 2023, 42 (6):  823-828.  Abstract ( 297 )   Flying fires are an important way of spreading forest fires. In order to investigate the formation mechanism of flying fire ignition, this paper uses camphor pine pine needles as the material to make a fuel bed and camphor pine twigs, bark and pine cones as the flying fire source, and changes the wind speed, the size of the flying fire source and the compression ratio of the fuel bed to conduct flying fire ignition experiments. The optimal modelling data was selected by SPSS and the ignition probability model was developed based on binary logistic regression analysis. A total of 5 760 experiments were conducted for 1 920 experiments for each of the three fly fire sources, with 336, 304 and 376 ignitions for twigs, bark and pine cones respectively. The ignition number curve for each interaction showed an increasing trend and wind speed played a significant influence in the interaction of the other three experimental conditions. The prediction accuracy for the modeled sample of twigs was 75.6% and the total prediction accuracy was 77.3%; the prediction accuracy for the modeled sample of bark ignition was 77.8% and the total prediction accuracy was 83.6%; and the prediction accuracy for the modeled sample of pine cones ignition was 81.2% and the total prediction accuracy was 85.4%. The total prediction rates of the three fire ignition sources were 77.3% to 85.4%, all with high accuracy, which can provide theoretical reference for forest fire prevention. Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk assessment of fire induced by overhead distribution lines across forest areas Qi Zhenbiao, Guo Xiaoxue, Shou Yuming, Zhang Jiaqing, Zhang Binbin 2023, 42 (6):  829-834.  Abstract ( 350 )   Aiming at the potential safety hazards of wildland fire induced by overhead distribution lines in forest areas and the serious consequences of fire, a risk assessment method of wildland fire induced by 10 kV overhead distribution lines in forest areas is proposed. Firstly, the indicator system of wildland fire risk assessment caused by 10 kV overhead distribution lines is established and the indicator weights are determined. The score coefficient of fire occurrence probability indicator is determined based on the penalty variable weight which emphasizes the influence of low score assessment unit. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to obtain the membership degree of consequence grade. Finally, the risk assessment results are obtained by the fire risk map. Take the 10 kV Tangxi 113 line as an example, the fire occurrence probability of this line is higher, and the score is 69.805 points. Membership degree of the fire consequences as minor, general, medium, serious and catastrophic are 65.8%, 8.1%, 12.3%, 2% and 11.8%, respectively. The fire risk map is draw, and the membership degree of low, medium and high risk of the line are 65.8%, 22.4% and 11.8%, respectively. Effective rectification measures on the incomplete indicators are suggested, including ensuring that the vertical and horizontal distance between the distribution line and the tree barrier meets the standards, and replacing the wires and cables with insulated conductors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion about "control theory" of disasters and accidents emergency rescue Wang Yifei 2023, 42 (6):  835-837.  Abstract ( 390 )   In order to develop the emergency rescue theory and help fire rescue fighters making scientific decisions, the control theory of disaster accident emergency rescue is proposed based on the rescue action and the extensive application of control theory in other fields. This article mainly explained the purpose and principle of emergency rescue , and how it should be applied in emergency rescue action. Taking the "3·9" Zhongxin building fire rescue action in Chang'an district, Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province as an example, it is proved that fire rescue fighters should deeply master the "control theory", so as to improve the emergency rescue efficiency and to achieve the expected aim for disasters and accidents rescue action. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-target fire rescue mission planning of UAV swarm based on improved ABC algorithm Wang Huiying, Zhang Zhiqiang, Yang Chuanjie, Wang Zhaoqiang 2023, 42 (6):  838-842.  Abstract ( 373 )   In view of the situation of multiple fires in the same area, the efficiency of multi-target rescue by UAV group is low due to the time change of fire conditions, so a fire rescue route planning method of UAV group against multi-fire targets is proposed. First of all, considering the timeliness of fire rescue mission and limited rescue resources, a rescue path planning model of UAV group based on the change of fire rescue value over time was established, which realized the dynamic decision making more in line with the actual rescue requirements for rescue commanders. Secondly, in order to effectively solve the model, an improved bee colony algorithm based on Metropolis acceptance criterion is proposed, which effectively improves the solving accuracy of the algorithm. Through the simulation experiment, the results show that the overall planning ability of rescue task is improved by 11.65% when the total value of multi-objective rescue is increased. The research results can play an important role in actual fire fighting and rescue activities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the training and management mode of firefighting and rescue command talents in new era Zhang Shaojin, Jiang Linshu, Chen Mengxi 2023, 42 (6):  843-847.  Abstract ( 351 )   Based on the analysis of the firefighting and rescue commander training and management mode, this paper points out the problems and contradictories at present. According to the requirements of professionalism, formalization and specialization, how to construct a set of commander talents training and management mode for the fire and rescue team is discussed. This mode can solve the problem of unclear objectives, unscientific training methods and inadequate guarantee systems for the training and management of command talents, and provide new ideas for the talents cultivation of national comprehensive fire rescue team in new era. Related Articles | Metrics

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Emergency communication for firefighting and rescue in large-scale disaster accidents reflection on construction tasks and safeguard measures He Xinwei 2023, 42 (6):  848-850.  Abstract ( 327 )   This paper analyzes the demand characteristics, disposal difficulties and existing problems of emergency communication tasks for the fire fighting and rescue in our country, focuses on the aspects and mechanisms of strengthening the modernization construction of fire emergency communication under the extreme conditions of "circuit cut, power cut, network cut", and puts forward the relevant measures of emergency communication support. Related Articles | Metrics

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Solving the problem of uninterrupted supply chain of "three supplies" in fire fighting Zheng Chunshen, Liu Zhen 2023, 42 (6):  851-854.  Abstract ( 334 )   Aiming at the key problems of "three supplies" (uninterrupted water supply, foam supply and air supply) in fire fighting of high-rise, large complex and petrochemical industry fire, this paper puts forward corresponding methods and suggestions, aiming at establishing an efficient uninterrupted supply chain of "three supplies" in fire fighting, solving the problem of fire extinguishing agent supply and further improving the fighting capacity of fire rescue teams. Related Articles | Metrics

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Main problems and countermeasures in the investigation of fire accidents in photography studios Jin Hui, Liao Dinggen 2023, 42 (6):  860-863.  Abstract ( 317 )   Affected by the agglomeration effect of the industrial development of Hengdian Film and Television City, the number of reconstructed and expanded studios continues to increase. Due to many problems in its building structure, fire protection facility configuration, and fire safety management, multiple influential fire accidents have occurred in recent years, resulting in significant casualties and property losses. Through the investigation of four fire accidents in photography studios, this paper analyzes the prominent problems in fire safety management and installation of fire-fighting facilities in such buildings, and proposes targeted measures to provide reference for improving the fire safety level of photography studios. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire accident scene heterogeneous information processing Duan Rufu, Tong Runze 2023, 42 (6):  863-868.  Abstract ( 324 )   In order to achieve the rapid processing of heterogeneous information at fire accident scenes, the characteristics of timeliness, uncertainty and complexity of information at disaster scenes are addressed. On the basis of determining the types of decision information, the relevant theories and methods based on the edge computing method are used to select the corresponding terminal sensing devices for different types of decision information and introduce the relevant data processing techniques; the inherent mode of current data calling is improved to effectively reduce the impact of data access latency and solve the data selection problem of insufficient capacity when storing edge data. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fire audio analysis and application Liang Jun 2023, 42 (6):  870-874.  Abstract ( 337 )   With the aim of investigating the potential application of fire audio data in fire investigations, this paper presents a comprehensive examination of the concept, characteristics, role, analysis methods, challenges faced, and solutions pertaining to fire audio, drawing upon practical case studies in fire investigation. This paper also provides a new technical perspective for fully, systematically, and scientifically excavating the explicit and implicit evidence clues of audio evidence in the fire scene and enriching and improving the means and technical systems of fire accident investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of oxygen on the fire hazard and trace characteristics of flame retardant composites Gao Weiying, Zhang Yurui, Cheng Xipeng 2023, 42 (6):  875-879.  Abstract ( 339 )   Oxygen is an important factor affecting the fire hazard and residues trace of combustible materials. In this paper, flame propagation calorimeter, camara, scanning electron microscope and other methods were used to study the combustion performance, residues trace of the flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam （FUPF） and flame retardant medium-density fiberboard （MDF） at different oxygen volume fraction. And the effects of oxygen volume fraction on the related properties of them were analyzed and summarized. The results show that FPUF and MDF were both flame retardant composites, but due to the different materials and flame retardant mechanism, the influence of oxygen volume fraction on the fire risk of them was very different. With the decrease of oxygen concentration, the fire growth index（FGI） of FPUF decreased significantly, while the FGI of MDF also decreased, but the degree of influence was much weaker than that of FPUF. In addition, with the decrease of oxygen volume fraction, the residues amount of FPUF increased, the integrity of the structure was significantly improved and the residues gradually turned black brown. The macroscopic state of MDF earthy-yellow residues was cracked on the macro level. With the decrease of oxygen volume fraction, the cracking crack got wider, with increased black carbonization and enhanced microscopic fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on emergency decision method of cabin emergency based on CBR Zhang Qingsong, Wei Xiangyu, Wu Yu, Chang Chang 2023, 42 (6):  855-859.  Abstract ( 361 )   In order to improve the scientific nature of crew's emergency decision when dealing with cabin emergencies, cabin emergency decision model and emergency decision process based on CBR (Case-based Reasoning) theory is proposed in this paper. Attribute weight is obtained by rough set theory, and an algorithm which combine structure similarity, attribute similarity and global similarity is adapt to receive the global optimal similarity case and its emergency response plan. The cabin emergency response system is designed based on this model, and a target case is analyzed by using this model, and an experimental validation of the emergency response to lithium battery fires in passenger cabin luggage racks and seats is conducted. The study shows that, after the use of the model, the efficiency of emergency response increases by 22.28% and 18.96% respectively, which can verify the scientific and efficacy of the model. Related Articles | Metrics