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主管:中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办:应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU

Table of Content

    15 December 2023, Volume 42 Issue 12 Previous Issue   

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    Research on fire supervision and law enforcement under the background of new era
    Zhu Jiang
    2023, 42 (12):  1603-1606. 
    Abstract ( 206 )  
    Based on the macro background of deepening the reforms to streamline the government, delegate power, and to improve government services and fire law enforcement reform, taking the status quo of standardized construction of fire administrative law enforcement in a province as an example, the problems and deficiencies in law enforcement inspection mode, implementation of the three systems of administrative law enforcement, treatment of critical illegal behaviors, closed—loop of law enforcement, online business system management, and fire safety self—management status of social units are studied and analyzed, combined with the actual administrative law enforcement work of fire rescue agencies in the province,improvement measures are given on optimizing inspection mode, making good use of administrative measures, strengthening targeted training, combining punishment with education, improving law enforcement personnel's rule of law literacy, implementing law enforcement guarantees, and preventing integrity risks.
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    Exploration and practice of fire safety credit supervision work
    Liao Qi
    2023, 42 (12):  1607-1610. 
    Abstract ( 234 )  
    In response to the problems of unclear implementation procedures, weak joint disciplinary measures, incomplete personal credit supervision system, and non—standard information collection and disclosure in the current fire safety credit supervision work, the deep—seated reasons for the existing problems were analyzed from the perspectives of regulatory systems, defined standards, implementation details, incentive measures, and service capabilities.Suggestions for strengthening and improving fire safety credit supervision work are proposed from the perspectives of establishing a solid credit supervision concept, improving institutional design, optimizing regulatory platforms, regulating the entire process of supervision, improving service capabilities, strengthening the application of results, and promoting regulatory socialization. This has important practical significance for promoting the implementation of the main responsibility of fire safety.
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    Experimental study on the changing law of peak overpressure rule of methane explosion relief under different blocking ratio
    Cheng Jianhua, Guo Yapeng, He Kuang, Dun Zhilin
    2023, 42 (12):  1611-1617. 
    Abstract ( 74 )  
    In order to explore the natural gas venting process of internal pressure change law, the use of 10 L plexiglass pipeline experimental device for a series of methane—air premixed gas explosion test. Thus, based on these experiments, this study analyzed the change relationships between peak overpressure, the peak overpressure duration, Helmholtz oscillation rate, and the leakage and explosion area when the premixed methane—air gas leaking and exploding in the scenarios of blockage in the end of pipe and in the middle of pipe. Research results show that, in the scenario of end blockage, both the pre—peak and post—peak overpressure increase with the decrease of the leaking and exploding area, while in the scenario of middle blockage, the post peak overpressure located outside the explosion pipe and inside the transmission pipe continuously decreases with the decrease of the leaking and exploding area. In terms of peak overpressure duration, there is little relationship between the duration of the pre—peak overpressure and the explosion area, while the duration of the post—peak overpressure is significantly affected by the leaking and explosion area. There is no consistency in the variation of explosive pressure rise rate in the scenarios of middle blockage and end blockage. In the scenario of middle blockage, the explosive pressure rise rate first increases and then decreases with blockage rate, and a maximum value appears at 60% blockage rate. In the scenario of end blockage, the explosive pressure rise rate decreases first and then increases with the blocking rate, and a minimum value appears at 60% blocking rate.
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    Research on the characteristics of fire spread and evolution in electric vehicle garage
    Huang Xiaojia, Zhang Ruifeng, Chen Bin, Nan Tianchen
    2023, 42 (12):  1618-1624. 
    Abstract ( 506 )  
    In this paper, entity combustion tests of single vehicle and two vehicle side by side are carried out in the garage environment. The fire evolution and propagation characteristics were explored by using 124—channel thermocouples and symmetrical heat flux meters on both sides, and the characteristics of smoke propagation and combustion traces were observed, and the suppression effect of various fire suppression technologies on electric vehicle fires was studied. The results show that the combustion process of electric vehicle fire caused by thermal runaway spreads from the igniting battery along the chassis to the surrounding areas, and the smoke forms a thick layer of smoke in the ceiling. A variety of water fire extinguishing facilities according to the traditional garage set up can only inhibit the spread of fire, but cannot extinguish the fire. The overall burnout rate of the battery cells is 49%.
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    Investigation on thermal runaway propagation behaviors of echelon use batteries under overheating and overcharging
    Wang Zhi, He Changlin, Shi Bobo, Li Zhihua
    2023, 42 (12):  1625-1629. 
    Abstract ( 80 )  
    To explore the safety of echelon—use lithium—ion batteries for energy storage, this article studied the thermal runaway propagation characteristics of large—capacity energy storage echelon—use lithium—ion battery modules under two abusive conditions of external heating and overcharging by modeling actual energy storage site. Under external heating conditions, the induced heat that triggers the thermal runaway of lithium—ion batteries comes from outside the battery. The maximum temperature of the thermal runaway battery in the module is 295.6 ℃, and the maximum mass loss rate of the thermal runaway battery is 18%. It presents a two—way thermal runaway propagation, with a maximum propagation speed of 0.022 mm/s and a total thermal runaway propagation time of 9 316 s. Under overcharging conditions, the induced heat that triggers thermal runaway in lithium—ion batteries mainly comes from within the battery. The maximum temperature of the thermal runaway battery in the module is 499.5 ℃, and the maximum mass loss rate of the thermal runaway battery is 21.5%. The total propagation time of the thermal runaway is only 827 s. Compared to the thermal runaway triggered by external heating, the thermal runaway temperature triggered under overcharging conditions is higher, and the propagation time of thermal runaway is shorter. Therefore, the risk of thermal runaway fire and explosion in lithium—ion batteries caused by overcharging is greater.
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    Research on key technologies for long distance ventilation zoning in the power cabin of the comprehensive pipe corridor
    Li Xinyu, Zhao Guanghui, Xu Shuhui
    2023, 42 (12):  1630-1635. 
    Abstract ( 52 )  
    In order to explore the key technologies of ventilation in the power cabin of a long—distance comprehensive pipe gallery, experimental testing and numerical simulation research were conducted on the power cabin and gas cabin of a certain comprehensive pipe gallery in Beijing. Research has shown that there is significant air leakage along the ventilation of the power cabin, mainly occurring at escape exits and branch pipe galleries. The air leakage rate for a single escape exit is about 5.6%, and the air leakage rate for a single branch pipe gallery is about 8.4%. During long—distance ventilation in the power cabin, the cross—sectional wind speed should be maintained above 0.1 m/s. If the ventilation zone is long or there are many branch pipe galleries, an additional jet fan with an air volume of 30% of the total air volume should be installed every 200 m. Ventilation with a length of 600 m or less can be achieved through natural intake and mechanical exhaust, while ventilation with a length of 600 m or more should be achieved through mechanical intake and mechanical exhaust. The resistance of the pipe gallery is mainly generated at the inlet section and the fire door. The resistance at the inlet section is between 165 Pa and 200 Pa, and the resistance at the fire door is about 35 Pa. During long—distance ventilation, the resistance along the way should also be considered, and the resistance coeffcient along the way is about 0.68.
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    Detection of smoldering fires based on the correlation between infrared images and environmental information
    Tang Wei, Zhang Wendi, Yuan Hang, Xie Cong
    2023, 42 (12):  1636-1641. 
    Abstract ( 589 )  
    In this paper, a smoldering fire classification and prediction method based on the fusion of infrared images and environmental information with a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to address the issues of low detection efficiency and accuracy that are common in currently used smoldering fire detection methods. Firstly, environmental information and infrared images of experimental samples were obtained in real—time, and the rate of area change, the rate of perimeter change, circularity and target movement characteristics were used as the characteristic parameters for the discrimination basis of smoldering fire detection; Secondly, the importance of the four image feature parameters was evaluated using a Random Forest algorithm (RF), and weight allocation was assigned based on their respective importance. Finally, image feature fusion was performed based on the assigned weights, and the fused information was related to environmental information as input parameters for training and testing of the CNN. The results indicate a significant improvement in the early detection efficiency and overall detection accuracy of smoldering fires using the proposed method. The recall rate of smoldering fire detection increases by 65% during the 15 seconds before the occurrence of smoldering fire, while the detection accuracy for the entire detection period is improved by 6.25%. The research provide a new approach for early warning of smoldering fires.
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    Study on early combustion characteristics and prevention measures of overloaded cable fire in narrow channel
    Gong Xiangyang, Dong Ping, He Yutao, Chen Cheng
    2023, 42 (12):  1642-1645. 
    Abstract ( 41 )  
    Aiming at cable fire safety in narrow channels, such as cable trench and cable interlayer, combustion experiments of overloaded cables were carried out in this work. The characteristic parameters such as ambient temperature rise, typical gas mass concentration, fire spreading rate and flameout distance were quantitatively characterized. The results showed that the amount of generated CO2 at the initial burning stage is much greater than the amount of generated CO. In a certain range of current intensity, the cable fire spread rate and flameout distance are approximately linearly positive correlated with the current intensity. Moreover, propose prevention and control measures for cable fire were put forward from the aspects such as electrical circuit monitoring and early fire detection methods and fire barriers, which can provide guidance for cable fire safety in narrow channels.
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    Study on the inhibition effect of inert powder on the corn starch combustion and explosion
    Shi Zhaowei, Zhao Limin, Zhao Yang, Li Zhenbao
    2023, 42 (12):  1646-1650. 
    Abstract ( 35 )  
    The inhibitory effects of different kinds and concentrations of inert powders on corn starch explosion were investigated by the thermo—gravimetric analyzer and 20 L explosion ball experiment system. And the optimal ratio is determined. The explosive residue of the sample was analyzed by Fourier transform spectroscopy. The change of active functional groups before and after detonation suppression was quantitatively characterized. The mechanism of detonation suppression of inert powder was analyzed. The results showed that NaHCO3, Al(OH)3 and melamine polyphosphate can reduce the oxidation rate of corn starch, increase the difficulty of its oxidation reaction, and reduce the risk of explosion. Melamine polyphosphate of 20% mass fraction was determined as the optimal inhibition powder. It can generate PO·, HPO· etc. and react with H· and OH·, breaking the combustion chain reaction, delaying the oxidation process of starch, and inhibiting the production of volatile matter.
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    Explosion limit calculation model of hydrogen-doped natural gas based on adiabatic flame temperature method
    An Guoyu, Xu Ning, Xiong Xiaoqin
    2023, 42 (12):  1651-1655. 
    Abstract ( 36 )  
    In this paper, the influence factors of the lower explosive limit(LEL) of hydrogen—doped natural gas under pipeline leakage condition are analyzed. Based on the chemical reaction formula of lean fuel and the thermodynamic equilibrium in the combustion process, the calculation model of the lower explosive limit of multiple combustible gases for hydrogen—doped natural gas was established by using the adiabatic flame temperature method at the lower explosive limit. The results show that the influence of gas components on the lower explosive limit is great, while the influence of environmental factors on the lower explosive limit of hydrogen—doped natural gas under pipeline leakage condition can be ignored at normal temperature. When the model calculated the lower explosive limit of hydrogen—containing flammable gases with low inert gas content such as N2, the relative error of the model was all within 5%. The calculation accuracy is higher than Le Chaterlier formula and its improved method, which can meet the engineering needs and provide reference for the prevention of leakage and explosion accidents of hydrogen—doped natural gas in pipeline transportation.
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    Study on the effect of longitudinal ventilation on the smoke temperature characteristics of subway train fires inside tunnel
    Peng Min, Wu Zhenkun, Jiang Shun, Zhu Guoqing
    2023, 42 (12):  1656-1662. 
    Abstract ( 69 )  
    This paper investigates the impact of longitudinal ventilation on the smoke temperature characteristics of subway train fires inside a double long—narrow confined space, composed of the subway train inside a tunnel. The study takes into account the ventilation direction in the tunnel, which is parallel to the lateral opening of the train compartment. The maximum temperature rise of smoke and the longitudinal temperature distribution near the fire source beneath the train ceiling are analyzed under different longitudinal ventilation velocities and heat release rates. The results indicate that the maximum smoke temperature rise predicted by the previous classical single long—narrow confined space model (Li’s model) underestimates the smoke temperature beneath the train ceiling, particularly when v'>0.9, due to the confinement of double boundaries. Furthermore, the effect of longitudinal air flow in the tunnel on the smoke temperature characteristics in the subway train is insignificant under the conditions studied in this paper, owing to the unique action mechanism of the forced air flow in the tunnel through the lateral opening of the subway train. Based on a comparative analysis of experimental data from other studies, this paper proposes empirical prediction models for the maximum smoke temperature rise and longitudinal smoke distribution beneath the train ceiling.
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    Probabilistic model for temperature rise in high-rise residential buildings under action of uncertain factors
    Zhang Yuanyuan, Zhang Zhiwei, Zhang Guowei
    2023, 42 (12):  1663-1668. 
    Abstract ( 57 )  
    The temperature rise model for high—rise residential buildings is of great significance for building fire protection design, risk assessment, and fire rescue. Due to the randomness of interior combustibles, wall thermal inertia, and opening factor, the fire temperature rise in high—rise residential buildings is uncertain. This study investigated 38 urban high—rise residential buildings, created the probability density functions of fire load density, opening factor, and wall thermal inertia, and constructed random fire scenarios for urban high—rise residential buildings. On this basis, relying on the Latin Hypercube Sampling method, this study further explored the probabilistic model for fire temperature rise in urban high—rise residential buildings under the action of uncertain factors, gave the possible temperature rise curves of fires in urban high—rise residential buildings and their probability distribution, and established the most representative temperature rise curve.
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    Fire safety resilience evaluation of subway station system based on trio spaces
    Liu Jingyan, Zheng Wenwen, Chen Jia
    2023, 42 (12):  1669-1674. 
    Abstract ( 42 )  
    In order to scientifically evaluate the fire safety resilience of the subway station system and reduce the impact of fire disaster, based on the trio spaces perspective, the cloud model was built to evaluate and analyze the fire safety resilience of the subway station system. Based on the physical, social and information spaces of the trio spaces, combined with the process attributes of resistance, resilience and adaptability of the dynamic evolution of resilience, the analysis framework of fire safety resilience of subway station system is constructed. A combination weighting cloud model for fire safety resilience evaluation of subway station system is established. The evaluation result of Shijiazhuang subway station was moderate resilience. Through the calculation of the SPSSAU obstacle degree model, the main obstacle factors are found. Finally, based on the perspective of trio spaces and case analysis, suggestions on improving the fire safety resilience of subway station system were put forward.
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    Study on natural smoke exhaust from fire lane of subway vehicle base with comprehensive utilization project in upper cover
    Su Jiangchuan
    2023, 42 (12):  1675-1682. 
    Abstract ( 474 )  
    By physical fire tests and numerical simulation analysis, the design scheme and effectiveness of natural smoke exhaust in the fire lane of the vehicle base for comprehensive utilization of the upper cover are studied. The research results indicate that for the selected hot smoke test section, under natural smoke exhaust conditions with natural smoke exhaust ports on the outer walls at both ends, and smoke exhaust ports with 12.7% of the ground area of the fire lane, and the horizontal distance is 68 m from the nearest edge of the openings, the fire smoke does not sink to the limit height of 4.0 m that affects fire rescue when a fire of 1.5 MW or 3.0 MW occurs inside the lane. For a typical fire truck loop around a covered vehicle base, openings can be evenly set on the top or side of the fire lane, with an effective smoke exhaust area of no less than 25% of the ground area of the fire lane and a spacing of no more than 60 m. This can achieve good natural smoke exhaust effect and meet the requirements of fire rescue.
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    Fire spread risk and fire prevention and extinguishing design of open convex balconies in old buildings
    Zhang Yihe
    2023, 42 (12):  1683-1687. 
    Abstract ( 54 )  
    Open convex balconies in old buildings have high fire risk and are prone to vertical fire spread. In order to improve its fire safety, the fire load of the balcony was investigated and analyzed, and the fire scenario of the open convex balcony was simulated using PyroSim software, then analyzed the characteristics of the balcony fire overflow and the temperature distribution of the fire scene in the indoor, outdoor and upper balcony. The results show that the balcony overflow flame is able to exceed the upper balcony fence by 1.2 m, causing the temperature at the upper balcony floor to reach about 800 ℃. It is proposed to use the residential water supply pipe to build a simple sprinkler fire extinguishing device and set up a reasonable fire canopy of the fireproof design scheme. Through simulation ,the results showed that the sprinkler can be activated in about 11 s to extinguish the fire,fire canopy with a protruding width of 1 m can ensure the upper balcony temperature below 60 ℃.
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    Experimental study on the effectiveness of water mist containing tea polyphenols in inhibiting methane explosion
    Yang Ke, Du Xiaoyang, Xing Zhixiang, Ji Hong
    2023, 42 (12):  1688-1693. 
    Abstract ( 29 )  
    In order to study the effectiveness of ultra fine water mist containing tea polyphenol additive on inhibiting methane explosion, self—made acrylic semi—closed pipe was used for explosion suppression experiment, and the influence of tea polyphenol additive concentration on flame propagation speed, explosion overpressure and other parameters was studied. The results showed that for methane with volume fraction of 9.5%, when the mass fraction of tea polyphenol additive was 10.0%, the explosion suppression performance was the most significant, and the flame propagation velocity and maximum explosion overpressure decreased by 34.86% and 59.41%, respectively, compared with that of pure methane under free explosion. Compared with pure water ultrafine water mist, it decreased by 21.56% and 41.01%, respectively. Through the chemical action of the consumption of free radicals such as H and O by the phenol hydroxyl group and the physical action of endothermic inerting, tea polyphenols can jointly inhibit the chain reaction of methane explosion, thus effectively inhibiting the methane explosion. It can be seen that tea polyphenol as a fine water mist additive has a good inhibition effect on methane explosion.
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    Study on oil tank fire and fire extinguishing efficiency of foam-water mist combination
    Jing Wei, Luo Jianfei, Zhang Guoliang, Wu Liusuo
    2023, 42 (12):  1694-1697. 
    Abstract ( 50 )  
    To study the combustion characteristics of large oil tank fire, this work established an experimental platform to simulation the combustion behavior of a 200 m3 oil tank fire, simulating oil pool fire on the top of the tank, oil pool fire on the embankment, and flowing fire on the side walls of the tank, whose combustion area reached 361.8 m2. The foam—water mist combined with a turbofan was used to study the extinguishing efficiency of this technology. The temperature field and thermal radiation field of the oil tank fire were analyzed. The results show that the application of foam—water mist combined with a turbofan can quickly extinguish the open fire in the burning scene of the oil tank fire, and has a significant cooling effect.
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    Research on evaluation method of decontamination effect of heavy type chemical protective clothing
    Wang Hongyang, Shang Ke, Jin Xing, Wang Junsheng,
    2023, 42 (12):  1698-1702. 
    Abstract ( 42 )  
    In order to explore the evaluation method of the decontamination effect of the chemical pollution from the heavy chemical protective clothing, taking polyvinyl chloride chemical protective clothing fabric as the research object, the decontamination test platform was independently developed to comprehensively carry out the pollution characteristics of acid pollution, alkali pollution, organic and inorganic pollution on chemical protective clothing. Also, the water spray decontamination test was carried out. The ability of different characterization methods such as pH value, fluorescence effect and ultraviolet spectrum to evaluate the pollution decontamination effect were explored. The results showed that the change of pH value was suitable for the evaluation of decontamination effect from acid—base pollution, the fluorescence method was suitable for auxiliary evaluation of the decontamination agent and decontamination technology for organic chemical pollution liquid. The combination of ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence method had a certain effect on the evaluation of organic chemical pollution residues of chemical protective clothing fabrics. The chromatographic technique was suitable for evaluating the residual and decontamination rate of xylene pollution.
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    Performance-focused analysis of fire-controlling blanket for lithium battery fire
    Shang Xiangqian, Zhen Haisheng
    2023, 42 (12):  1703-1708. 
    Abstract ( 550 )  
    Lithium-ion batteries have high calorific value, fast combustion and propagation speed, and there is a risk of reignition and explosion. Especially, their combustion mode from the inside out prevents the fire extinguishing agent from entering the interior of the battery, resulting in low efficiency and even ineffectiveness of existing fire extinguishing methods. Research was conducted on the performance requirements and industry status of fire control blankets suitable for lithium?ion battery fires. Through simulated lithium battery fire tests, a systematic study was conducted on potential candidate materials, fabric morphology, and organic coatings for fire control blankets. Fire prevention, insulation, strength, and explosion resistance tests were also conducted. In order to meet the requirements of fire prevention, insulation, and explosion resistance of fire control blankets, a three—layer structure composed of glass fiber fabric, ceramic fiber lining, and glass fiber fabric is proposed, providing technical support for technical researchers to develop more effective fire control blankets.
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    Research on flame visible and infrared mult-feature fusion image detection algorithm in aircraft cargo compartment
    Deng Li, Xie Shuangshuang, He Yuanhua, Liu Quanyi,
    2023, 42 (12):  1709-1713. 
    Abstract ( 53 )  
    Cyclohexane and aviation kerosene are used as experimental fuels to carry out pool fire detection experiments in the aircraft cargo model. Combined with the principle of image correlation, combustion image recognition and flame oscillation frequency detection are carried out as the criteria for judging whether a fire occurs. The results indicate that the flame temperature varies significantly when the temperature is below 60 kPa and the jitter is severe; Under equidistant combustion time series, the mean flame oscillation frequency of cyclohexane and aviation kerosene is above 3 Hz, which is in agreement with the theoretical value and can be used as the basis for judging the occurrence of fire. The YOLO model is used to detect the infrared images of cyclo—hexane and aviation kerosene combustion to determine whether there is flame generation, and the accuracy is as high as 0.965. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on flame detection, which can be used in theory and data to analyze the fire behavior of combustion and the key techniques of fire detection and early warning in low—pressure environment.
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    Research on double discrimination imaging smoke detection technology for high space areas in subway
    Ge Jingwen, Yu Zeng
    2023, 42 (12):  1714-1718. 
    Abstract ( 48 )  
    The characteristics of infrared beam smoke detection technology, early aspirated smoke detection technology, and dual discrimination imaging linear beam smoke detection technology were analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages in application were compared and analyzed. Based on the special requirements for fire detection systems in high space areas of subway projects, three types of smoke fire detection systems were thoroughly demonstrated, and their respective applicability in the area was compared, analyzed, and studied. Taking the design of a dual discrimination imaging linear beam smoke detection system used in a high space area of Ningbo Metro Line 5 Phase I project as an example, combined with on—site measured technical data on sensitivity, interference sources, obstruction sources, and external light source anti—interference, this paper summarizes the advantages of the dual discrimination imaging linear beam smoke detection technology in the application of high space areas in subway projects.
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    Research on the construction and development of the Shanghai government's full time firefighter team
    Wang Zhongyou
    2023, 42 (12):  1719-1723. 
    Abstract ( 50 )  
    The government's full—time firefighter team undertakes fire fighting and emergency rescue work in accordance with the law, which is an important supplement to the national comprehensive fire rescue team and an important component of China's fire rescue force system. In recent years, the full—time firefighter team of local governments has developed rapidly and played an important role in ensuring the safety of people's lives and property. However, there are still practical problems such as unclear team attributes and personnel identities, high turnover rates, and low levels of occupational security. This article combines survey and research data to analyze the current situation of the government's full—time firefighter team and the practical problems that constrain its development, providing suggestions for promoting the professional development of the government's full—time firefighter team.
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    Evaluation of urban emergency rescue team capability and application
    Zhang Xiaolei, Zhao Kaigong, Li Changming, Chen Gang
    2023, 42 (12):  1724-1728. 
    Abstract ( 77 )  
    In order to measure the rescue response and disposal ability of urban emergency rescue team, based on China's standard requirements for the construction of urban emergency rescue team, the evaluation indicators are analyzed and screened, the evaluation index system and evaluation model of urban emergency rescue team ability are established, and the comprehensive application of analytic hierarchy process and weighting method are adopted for quantitative evaluation to determine the weights of indicators at all levels. A city in southern China is taken as an example. It is found that the layout of urban fire stations and the capacity building of emergency response teams, which are dominated by integrated fire rescue teams, are the key nodes of urban public safety guarantee line and the establishment of long—term safety mechanism, and targeted improvement suggestions can be put forward for its weak links. The results show that this evaluation method can be used as a reference for establishing urban safety emergency rescue team system, improving urban emergency preparedness and carrying out regional coordinated rescue. At the same time, it provides a new approach and idea for effectively preventing and resolving major security risks, scientifically
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    Discussion on the construction of grassroots fire control governance system in Weihai city
    Li Jing
    2023, 42 (12):  1729-1732. 
    Abstract ( 26 )  
    Based on the active exploration of grassroots fire safety systems in various regions of the country in recent years, this paper analyzes the current situation of grassroots fire safety forces and the main problems affecting grassroots fire supervision work. It focuses on how to solve the problem of no specialized fire management organization at the township (street) level through the establishment of institutions, staffing and allocation, and coordinating multiple forces. Combining with the characteristics of the local area, targeted measures have been proposed to strengthen the construction of grassroots township (street) fire safety organizations, promote the efficient operation of mechanisms and leverage governance effectiveness, providing preliminary reference for addressing grassroots fire control governance.
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    Numerical reconstruction analysis of Jinhua Wuyi "4·17" major fire accident based on FDS
    Liu Hongman
    2023, 42 (12):  1733-1737. 
    Abstract ( 82 )  
    To make an in—depth analysis on the causes of the major fire accident on “4·17” in Wuyi, the process of the fire was restored through FDS reconstruction simulation of the fire scene. Analyzes fire temperature, smoke, oxygen concentration, heat release rate, and parameters of different sections; and makes comparative analysis on the key disaster—inducing factors of the fire accident combined with Pathfinder evacuation simulation analysis. The verification of the results showed that the fire led to heavy casualties mainly because the nature of the use of the workshop was changed without authorization, which increased the fire risk, and the corresponding fire protection design improvement was not made. Among them, the rapid spread and diffusion of fire smoke caused by the open stairway connecting the atrium and the workshop between the first and second floors were the key factors leading to the fire. Second, when the fire happened, on—site personnel failed to find it, evacuate, and escape immediately, which was another important reason for the casualties.
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    Research on fire hazards and the automatic fire extinguishing system in underground comprehensive pipe gallery of nuclear power plant
    Liu Wenyuan, Xu Zhijun, Zhang Cailiang
    2023, 42 (12):  1738-1742. 
    Abstract ( 47 )  
    This article focuses on analyzing the causes, harmfulness, and characteristics of fires in the comprehensive pipe gallery of nuclear power plants. It compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various fire extinguishing methods set up in the comprehensive pipe gallery. Combined with high—pressure water mist physical fire extinguishing tests, a high—pressure water mist fire extinguishing system is used in the underground comprehensive pipe gallery of a certain nuclear power plant in China. This research achievement and practice have certain reference value for the safety production of nuclear power plants.
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