主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 55-61.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.06.0055.07

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废旧磷酸铁锂电池混合粉尘爆炸特性及爆炸机理分析

关文玲1, 王丽勇1, 任常兴2, 张网2, 杨明瑞2   

  1. （1.天津理工大学 环境科学与安全工程学院，天津 300384； 2.应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29 修回日期:2025-10-27 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 作者简介:关文玲，天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院副教授，博士，主要从事粉尘防爆、工业火灾爆炸与风险管控等方面的研究，天津市西青区宾水西道391号，300384，hjgwl@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    2022年天津市应用基础研究多元投入重点项目（22JCZDJC00840）

Analysis of explosion characteristics and mechanism of mixed dust from used lithium iron phosphate batteries

Guan Wenling1, Wang Liyong1, Ren Changxing2, Zhang Wang2, Yang Mingrui2   

  1. (1. School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2025-05-29 Revised:2025-10-27 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15

摘要： 为了研究磷酸铁锂电池混合粉尘的爆炸特性，采用Siwek-20 L爆炸测试装置对磷酸铁锂电池粉尘爆炸下限、爆炸产生的压力、爆炸压力上升速率和爆炸指数进行研究。同时借助热重分析仪对磷酸铁锂电池有机组分的热稳定性进行分析。结果表明，在磷酸铁锂电池有机组分中，聚丙烯在257.55 ℃时开始分解，440.60 ℃时质量损失率达到98.70%，聚偏二氟乙烯在400.00 ℃之前热稳定性较好，402.73~504.89 ℃时，其失重速率显著增加，质量损失率约为62.63%。中位粒径（D50）为17.69 μm的磷酸铁锂电池粉尘爆炸下限质量浓度为660~680 g/m3，最大爆炸压力为0.439 MPa，最大压力上升速率为18.752 MPa/s，最大爆炸指数为5.09 MPa•m/s。根据ISO 6184-1∶1985分级标准，爆炸危险性等级为St 1,爆炸属性为弱。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池粉尘, 爆炸压力, 爆炸压力上升速率, 爆炸指数, 热稳定性

Abstract: In order to study the explosion characteristics of mixed dust from lithium iron phosphate batteries, the Siwek-20 L explosion test device was used to investigate the lower explosion limit, the pressure generated by the explosion, the rate of increase in explosion pressure and the explosion index of lithium iron phosphate battery dust. At the same time, the thermal stability of the organic components of lithium iron phosphate batteries was analyzed by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that in the organic components of lithium iron phosphate batteries, polypropylene begins to decompose at 257.55 ℃, and the mass loss rate reaches 98.70% when it rises to 440.60 ℃. Polyvinylidene fluoride exhibits good thermal stability below 400.00 ℃. When the temperature rises to 402.73~504.89 ℃, its weight loss rate increases significantly, with a mass loss rate of approximately 62.63%. The lower explosive limit concentration of lithium iron phosphate battery dust with a median particle size (D50) of 17.69 μm is 660~680 g/m³, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.439 MPa, the maximum pressure rise rate is 18.752 MPa/s, the maximum explosion index is 5.09 MPa•m/s. According to the ISO 6184-1∶1985 classification standard, the explosion hazard level is St 1, and the explosion attribute is weak.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery dust, explosion pressure, rate of explosion pressure rise, explosion index, thermal stability