主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 990-994.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

通风对竖井型隧道火灾烟气特性影响试验研究

朱利颖1，郭庆华2   

  1. 1. 黄河科技学院，河南郑州450000；2. 应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津300381
  • 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 作者简介:朱利颖（1988-），女，河南偃师人，黄河科技学院讲师，主要从事结构防灾减灾及鉴定加固研究，河南省郑州市紫荆山南路666 号，450000。

Experimental study on the smoke properties under longitudinal ventilation in a tunnel with vertical shafts

ZHU Li-ying1，GUO Qing-hua2   

  1. 1. Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Henan Zhengzhou 450000, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-07-15
  • Supported by:
    河南省民办普通高校品牌专业建设点（ZLG201702）

摘要： 通过隧道火灾模型试验，研究纵向通风对竖井排烟效果及隧道内纵向烟气温度分布的影响。试验考虑不同火源热释放速率和纵向风速。结果表明：纵向风速对正庚烷池火热释放速率存在影响，对于较小正庚烷池火（≤11 cm），火源热释放速率基本不随纵向风速而改变；对于较大正庚烷池火（≥14 cm），火源热释放率随风速的增加先降低后基本保持恒定。此外，当隧道内风速较小时，竖井内烟气附壁排出，竖井后方烟气温度较低，控烟效果较好；当隧道内风速较大时，竖井内烟气出现边界分离，竖井后方温度升高，烟气蔓延距离增加，竖井排烟效果较差。因此，建议当竖井型隧道内发生火灾时，应尽量采用自然通风或较低的内部通风，避免较高风速。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 竖井, 纵向风速, 温度场, 烟气蔓延

Abstract: This paper experimentally studied the influence of the longitudinal ventilation on the smoke exhaust performance of the vertical shaft and the ceiling temperature distribution. HRR and longitudinal ventilation velocity were considered during the fire tests. The results show that ventilation velocity has an impact on HRRs of heptane. For small square pool fires (≤11 cm) , HRRs keep approximately constant regardless of the ventilation velocities while for relatively large square pool fires (≥14 cm), HRRs decrease initially and then keep approximately unchanged with the increase of the ventilation velocities. Besides, when the ventilation velocities in the tunnel are low, the smoke is exhausted from the shaft by adhering the shaft sidewalls, and the smoke temperature on the downstream side of the shaft is low, indicating a good exhaust performance. When the ventilation velocity in the tunnel is high, the boundary separation in the shaft occurs and the smoke temperature downstream the shaft is high, and the smoke moves further, indicating a low smoke exhaust efficiency of the shaft. Therefore, it is suggested that in a naturally ventilated tunnel fire, low velocity can be employed, but the high ventilation velocity should be avoided.

Key words: tunnel fire, vertical shafts, longitudinal ventilation, temperature distribution, smoke spread