主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 1350-1354.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

大型机库消防排烟风量近似分配方法与模拟检验

程子健1，向晓东1,2，曾 强3   

  1. 1.武汉科技大学 资源与环境工程学院，湖北 武汉430081； 2.国家环境保护矿冶资源利用与污染控制重点实验室，湖北 武汉430081； 3.海军工程大学 舰艇安全技术教研室，湖北 武汉430033
  • 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-15
  • 作者简介:程子健(1995-)，男，安徽淮北人，武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事大空间烟气控制与排放研究，湖北省武汉市青山区和平大道947号，430081。

Approximate exhaust volume distribution method and its numerical simulation verification of fire smoke discharge in a large hangar

CHENG Zi-jian1, XIANG Xiao-dong1,2, ZENG Qiang3   

  1. 1. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China; 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Hubei Wuhan 430081, China; 3. Department of Ship Safety, Naval University of Engineering, Hubei Wuhan 430033, China
  • Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-15

摘要： 合理的排烟风量分配对大型机库的火灾烟流控制与消防安全至关重要。基于大型机库烟流浓度分布的特征，提出“污染面积比”风量分配方法，并给出了相应的风量分配计算模型。为阐明“污染面积比”风量分配方法的有效性，以武汉某机库的等风量分配法为对比案例，借助FDS软件，分别对机库能见度、中心截面速度分布、排风口附近横断面烟气浓度分布、近火点温度和CO浓度的变化规律进行了数值模拟。结果表明，采用“污染面积比”风量分配法，燃料稳定燃烧600 s后库内能见度明显提高，顶棚无明显的烟气回流与集聚现象，排风口附近断面烟气浓度较低且分布均匀，火源附近烟气温度和CO浓度显著下降。由此证明，在总风量确定的情况下，“污染面积比”风量分配法是一种有效实现机库快速排烟、提高消防作业安全性的风量分配新方法。

关键词: 大型机库, 风量分配, 火灾烟气, 数值模拟

Abstract: Reasonable distribution of exhaust volume is of greatimportance to smoke control and fire safety in large-scale hangar. An exhaust volume "polluted area ratio" distribution method was put forward and the corresponding calculation model of distribution was given based on the characteristics of smoke concentration distribution in large-scale hangar. To prove the superiority of the exhaust volume "polluted area ratio" distribution method, a large-scale hangar in Wuhan was taken as an example for the comparison analysis of equal exhaust volume distribution and "polluted area ratio" distribution. The visibility, the velocity distribution at the center section, the cross-sectional distribution of smoke concentration near the exhaust outlet, and the variation of temperature and carbon monoxide concentration near the ignition point were simulated by FDS software. The simulation results showed that when the exhaust volume "polluted area ratio" distribution method was used, the visibility could be significantly improved in hangar 600 s after stable combustion of fuel. The backflow and accumulation of smoke under the ceiling was almost disappeared. Near the exhaust outlet, the smoke concentration in the section was low and evenly distributed. Furthermore, the temperature and carbon monoxide concentration near the ignition source were significantly decreased. It indicated that the "polluted area ratio" distribution method is a new way to achieve rapid smoke extraction and improve the fire-fighting safety in hangar effectively.

Key words: large-scale hangar, exhaust volume distribution, fire smoke, numerical simulation