主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 107-112.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

气凝胶灭火剂抑制锂离子储能电池热失控特性研究

刘通1，2, 唐国才1, 王亮1, 朱国庆1   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院， 江苏 徐州 221116；2.中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026）
  • 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 作者简介:刘 通（1995- ），男，江苏徐州人，中国矿业大学安全工程学院副教授，主要从事锂离子电池储能及电动汽车相关领域的火灾防治研究，江苏省徐州市中国矿业大学南湖校区，221116。
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目资助（2023YFC3009900）；火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题（ HZ2023-KF02）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2023QN1031）；“双一流”建设提升自主创新能力项目“安全学科群-消防与公共安全”（2022ZZCX05K05）

Inhibition of thermal runaway of energy storage battery by aerogel⁃based fire extinguishing agent

Liu Tong1,2, Tang Guocai1, Wang Liang1,Zhu Guoqing1   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Jiangsu Xuzhou 221116, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technoloty of China, Anhui Hefei 230026, China)
  • Online:2024-01-15 Published:2024-01-15

摘要： 通过对比试验探究了气凝胶灭火剂对锂离子储能电池热失控的抑制效果。研究满荷电状态下的100 Ah磷酸铁锂储能电池热失控演变过程特征参数，识别出3个灾害演变特征拐点作为灭火剂施加的指导节点。在相同节点分别施加灭火参数一致的气凝胶灭火剂与细水雾开展灭火对比测试。结果表明：触发明火前施加灭火剂均可有效阻断电池内部放热副反应，两者表现出相似的冷却效能；电池起火后，气凝胶灭火剂展现出更为出色的明火抑制效果，其接触电池表面形成的致密泡沫可有效阻隔氧气，实现快速灭火；对于已经触发热失控的情形，气凝胶灭火剂凭借预热覆盖效果，显著缩短电池射流火持续时间，可大幅降低电池火灾危害。

关键词: 磷酸铁锂电池, 热失控特征, 气凝胶灭火剂, 细水雾, 储能电池, 射流火

Abstract: The suppression effect of aerogel?based fire extinguishing agent on thermal runaway of lithium?ion battery has been investigated through comparative experiments. The thermal runaway characteristics of fully charged 100 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries have been studied, and three inflection points were identified as the guidance for the application of fire extinguishing agents. The fire mitigation effect of aerogel?based fire extinguishing agent and water mist was compared under same condition. Results show that both agents exhibit similar cooling efficiency and thermal runaway can be effectively mitigated when released before battery ignition. The aerogel?based fire extinguishing agent shows more excellent fire suppression effect. Once attach to the high temperature surface, the agent will form dense foam and can effectively block oxygen. In the case of thermal runaway, the aerogel?based fire extinguishing agent can significantly shorten the duration of jet fire, leading to the reduced fire hazard.

Key words: lithium?iron phosphate battery, thermal runaway characteristics, aerogel?based fire extinguishing agent, water mist, energy storage battery, jet fire