主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 546-550.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

突发应急事件救援后消防人员的心理健康状况及应对方式

杨伟丽1, 张建宏1, 王慧颖1, 王长虹1,2,3   

  1. （1. 新乡医学院第二附属医院，河南 新乡453002；2. 河南省心理援助云平台及应用工程研究中心，河南 新乡453002；3. 河南省睡眠医学重点实验室，河南 新乡453002）
  • 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
  • 作者简介:杨伟丽（1997- ），女，河南周口人，新乡医学院第二附属医院助理统计师，硕士，主要从事数据分析与挖掘工作，河南省新乡市牧野区前进路207号，453002。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项（221111311000）

Mental health status and coping style of firefighters after emergency rescue

Yang Weili1, Zhang Jianhong1, Wang Huiying1,Wang Changhong1,2,3   

  1. (1. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical university, Henan Xinxiang 453002, China;2. Henan Provincial Psychological Assistance Cloud Platform and Application Engineering Research Center, Henan Xinxiang 453002, China;3. Henan Key Laboratory of Sleep Medicine,Henan Xinxiang 453002, China)
  • Online:2024-04-15 Published:2024-04-15

摘要： 为探究突发应急事件救援后消防人员的心理健康状况及应对方式，分析消防人员的心理健康状况与应对方式的关联。采用整群抽样的方法，选取“7·20”特大暴雨救灾的河南消防人员，利用SRQ-20、GAD-7、PHQ-9、SRSS和PTSD-7量表评估消防人员的心理健康状况；使用CSQ量表评估消防人员的应对方式特点，并探究消防人员心理健康状况及应对方式的关联。5 332名消防人员中出现不同程度的心理健康问题，19.70%的存在情感痛苦，32.06%和38.14%的出现焦虑症状和抑郁症状，存在睡眠障碍的高达41.06%，创伤后应激障碍可疑阳性者为991人，占20.89%。消防人员的应对方式与心理健康状况相关分析显示，不同应对方式的消防人员的心理健康水平不同，消防人员应对方式以自责、幻想、退避和合理化为主时，其心理健康水平较低；以解决问题、求助为主要应对方式时，心理健康状况较好。突发应急事件救援后消防人员存在不同程度的心理健康问题，应对其进行不定期的心理健康素养的培养，在救援早期介入心理援助，培养建设性的应对方式，及时对高危人员进行心理干预和心理治疗。

关键词: 消防人员, 心理健康状况, 应对方式, 心理援助

Abstract: To explore the mental health status and coping style of firefighters after emergency rescue, and analyze the correlation between mental health status and coping style of firefighters. A cluster sampling method was used to evaluate the mental health status of the firefighters in Henan province who were responding to the "7.20" rainstorm by SRQ-20,GAD-7, PHQ-9, SRSS and PTSD-7 scales. CSQ scale assessed the coping style characteristics of firefighters, and explored the correlation between mental health status and coping style. Among 5 332 fire fighters, 19.70% had emotional pain, 32.06% had anxiety symptoms and 38.14% had depression symptoms, 41.06% had sleep disorders, and 991 (20.89%) were suspected positive for post-traumatic stress disorder. The correlation analysis between coping styles and mental health status shows that the mental health level of firefighters with different coping styles is different. When the coping styles are mainly self-blame, fantasy, retreat and rationalization, the mental health level of firefighters is lower; The level of mental health of firefighters is better when solving problems and asking for help are the main coping methods. Firefighters have different degrees of mental health problems after emergency rescue, so it is necessary to cultivate their mental health literacy from time to time, intervene psychological assistance in early rescue, cultivate constructive coping styles, and conduct timely psychological intervention and treatment for high-risk personnel.

Key words: firefighters, mental health status, coping style, psychological assistance