主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1451-1456.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

过电流和接触不良对家用单相插座插头温升特性影响研究

王伟峰1,2,3, 董梦洋1,2, 纪晓涵1,2, 刘亦香1,2, 赵婧昱1,3   

  1. （1.西安科技大学 安全科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710054； 2.西安科技大学 消防科学技术研究所，陕西 西安 710054； 3.陕西省工业过程安全与应急救援工程技术研究中心，陕西 西安 710054）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22 修回日期:2025-07-11 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 作者简介:王伟峰，西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院教授，工学博士，主要从事火灾防控理论与方法方面的研究，陕西省西安市碑林区雁塔中路58号，710054。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3009800）；国家自然科学基金（52074213）；陕西省重点研发计划（2022QCY-LL-70，2023-GHZD-29）；陕西省秦创原科学家与工程师队伍建设项目（2023KXJ-052）；西安市“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目（2024JH-KGDW-0111）

Study on the influence of overcurrent and poor contact on temperature rise characteristics of household single-phase socket plug

Wang Weifeng1,2,3, Dong Mengyang1,2, Ji Xiaohan1,2, Liu Yixiang1,2, Zhao Jingyu1,3   

  1. (1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China; 2. Fire Science and Technology Research Institute, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China; 3. Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Industrial Process Safety and Emergency Rescue, Xi'an Shaanxi 710054, China)
  • Received:2025-05-22 Revised:2025-07-11 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15

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摘要： 插座插头作为家庭配电系统中最常见的电气连接部件，其运行过程中的过电流与接触不良故障极易引发局部过热，是电气火灾的高频诱因之一。本文以额定电流为10 A和16 A的家用固定式插座插头为研究对象，采用2.5 mm² BV单芯铜导线与1.5 mm² BRV多芯铜导线构建试验系统，分别模拟过电流与接触不良两类典型故障工况，通过红外热像仪与电气故障模拟平台，对插座插头在不同工况下的温升特性及热失效过程进行系统研究。结果表明：当电流超过额定值4倍时，导线与绝缘层出现熔化、炭化及断裂现象，火灾风险显著上升；16 A两极接地插座插头的接触电阻升高至100 Ω时，即使在较低电流下，局部温度亦可突破180 ℃，若电流与电阻同时升高，最高温度可达350 ℃以上。此外，反复过载试验发现，同一插座插头在多次过载过程中，其温升速率持续增加，热疲劳累积显著加剧了热损伤与起火风险。本研究明确了插座插头在典型电气故障条件下的温升临界特性，为家用电气附件的结构设计、安全评估与火灾预警提供了重要的理论支持和试验依据。

关键词: 插座插头, 过电流, 接触不良, 温升特性, 热失控

Abstract: As one of the most frequently used components in household power distribution systems, socket plugs are highly susceptible to thermal failure caused by overcurrent and poor contact faults, which are major contributors to residential electrical fires. In this study, household single-phase socket plugs with rated currents of 10 A and 16 A were selected. An experimental circuit was constructed using 2.5 mm² BV single-core copper wires and 1.5 mm² BRV multi-core copper wires to simulate two typical fault scenarios: overcurrent and poor contact. Infrared thermography and a fault simulation platform were employed to systematically investigate the temperature rise characteristics and thermal failure behavior under different fault conditions.Results show that when the current exceeds four times the rated value, accompanied by melting, carbonization, and breakage of conductors and insulation, the fire risk is significantly increased. When the contact resistance increases to 100 Ω, even under moderate current, the temperature can exceed 180 °C. If current and resistance rise simultaneously, the peak temperature may surpass 350 °C, forming a thermal runaway positive feedback mechanism. Repeated overload tests also indicate that cumulative thermal fatigue intensifies with the number of cycles, accelerating the occurrence of thermal damage and ignition.This study clarifies the critical temperature thresholds and fire-triggering mechanisms of socket plugs under typical electrical fault conditions, providing important theoretical and experimental references for the structural design, safety evaluation, and fire warning of household electrical accessories.

Key words: socket and plug, overcurrent, poor contact, temperature rise characteristics, thermal runaway