交流串联故障电弧对低压配电系统上下级电气特性的影响研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1471-1478.

交流串联故障电弧对低压配电系统上下级电气特性的影响研究

叶艳超^1,2, 蒋慧灵^1,2,3, 邓青^1,2,3

（1.北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院，北京 100083； 2.北京科技大学大安全科学研究院，北京 100083； 3.安全生产新型风险辨识与防控联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，北京 100083）

收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-08-24 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:叶艳超，北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事电气火灾方面的研究，北京市海淀区学院路30号，100083。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3009800）；北京市科技计划“揭榜挂帅”项目（Z231100003823024）

Research on the impact of AC series fault arcs on the electrical characteristics of upper and lower stages in low-voltage distribution systems

Ye Yanchao^1,2, Jiang Huiling^1,2,3, Deng Qing^1,2,3

(1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Research Institute of Great Safety Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;3. Key Laboratory of Joint Innovation for New Risk Identification and Prevention in Work Safety, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100083, China)

Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-24 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在消防安全领域，电气火灾隐患突出，已成为威胁生命财产安全的主要隐患，现有研究对串联故障电弧与上下级配电系统电气特性的联动探究不足。针对这一现状，本文以消防安全领域的实际需求为导向，聚焦低压配电系统，搭建交流串联故障电弧试验平台，设置 10 种工况，每组重复 3 次，采集故障电弧、上下级配电系统的电气信号。通过对试验数据的预处理，结合波形分析、余弦相似度计算、方差分析等方法，深入剖析三者电气特性的时域特征。研究表明：电弧点的故障时长最长，其次为上级配电系统，下级配电系统最短；故障电弧和上下级配电系统的电流峭度均在1.1~1.9之间波动，整体处于1.5~1.8的范围内，属于扁峭；电压峭度在故障电弧、上下级配电系统间的差异较大，故障电弧的电压峭度明显高于上下级配电系统的电压峭度；下级配电系统的电流冲击因数普遍高于上级配电系统，且两者均高于故障电弧点的电流冲击因数，说明故障电弧引发的瞬时电流冲击在下级系统中表现得更为显著；故障电弧的电压冲击显著高于上下级配电系统，并表现出更大的波动性与不确定性，上下级配电系统的电压相对稳定。通过捕捉故障电弧与低压配电系统电气参数的差异，将这些差异特征融入电气火灾监控系统，可提升系统对故障电弧的识别精度和响应速度，有助于改进低压配电系统故障电弧探测装置和构建低压交流配电系统的火灾风险防控体系。

关键词: 串联故障电弧, 上级配电系统, 下级配电系统, 故障时长, 峭度, 冲击因数

Abstract: In the field of fire safety, electrical fire hazards are prominent and have become a major hidden danger threatening the safety of life and property. Existing research has insufficiently explored the linkage between series fault arcs and the electrical characteristics of upper and lower distribution systems. To address this current situation, guided by the practical needs in the field of fire safety, this paper focuses on low-voltage distribution systems, builds an experimental platform for AC series fault arcs, sets 10 operating conditions with 3 repetitions for each group, and collects electrical signals of fault arcs as well as upper and lower distribution systems. Through preprocessing the experimental data, combined with methods such as waveform analysis, cosine similarity calculation and analysis of variance, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the time-domain characteristics of the electrical properties of fault arcs, upper distribution system and lower distribution system. The research shows that: the fault duration at the arc point is the longest, followed by the upper distribution system, and the lower distribution system has the shortest; the current kurtosis of the fault arc and upper and lower distribution systems all fluctuates between 1.1 and 1.9, generally ranging from 1.5 to 1.8, which is classified as platykurtic; there is a significant difference in voltage kurtosis among the fault arc, upper distribution system and lower distribution system, and the voltage kurtosis of the fault arc is significantly higher than that of the upper and lower distribution systems; the current impulse factor of the lower distribution system is generally higher than that of the upper distribution system, and both are higher than that of the fault arc point, indicating that the transient current impact caused by the fault arc is more significant in the lower system; the voltage impact of the fault arc is significantly higher than that of the upper and lower distribution systems, showing greater volatility and uncertainty, while the voltage of the upper and lower distribution systems is relatively stable. By capturing the differences in electrical parameters between fault arcs and low-voltage distribution systems and integrating these differential characteristics into the electrical fire monitoring system, the identification accuracy and response speed of the system to fault arcs can be improved, which is helpful for optimizing the fault arc detection devices of low-voltage distribution systems and constructing a fire risk prevention and control system for low-voltage AC distribution systems.

Key words: series arc fault, upper distribution system, lower distribution system, fault duration, kurtosis, impulse factors

叶艳超, 蒋慧灵, 邓青. 交流串联故障电弧对低压配电系统上下级电气特性的影响研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(10): 1471-1478.

Ye Yanchao, Jiang Huiling, Deng Qing. Research on the impact of AC series fault arcs on the electrical characteristics of upper and lower stages in low-voltage distribution systems[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(10): 1471-1478.