主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1486-1494.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

配网导线单相触树接地故障中炭化通道的演变特性研究

周瑶1, 何建波1, 柳明贤1, 沈雪明2, 李自平1, 宁文军2   

  1. （1.云南电网有限责任公司丽江供电局，云南 丽江 674100； 2.四川大学 电气工程学院，四川 成都 610065）
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-18 修回日期:2024-08-22 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 作者简介:周 瑶，云南电网有限责任公司丽江供电局工程师，学士，主要从事数字配电在线监测技术、配电自动化技术研究，云南省丽江市玉龙县金龙路22号，674100。
  • 基金资助:
    南方电网丽江供电局项目（YNKJXM20222421）

Study on the evolution characteristics of carbonized channel in tree-contact single-phase-to-ground fault of distribution network conductor

Zhou Yao1, He Jianbo1, Liu Mingxian1, Shen Xueming2, Li Ziping1, Ning Wenjun2   

  1. (1. Lijiang Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Lijiang Yunnan 674100, China; 2. College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan 610065, China)
  • Received:2024-07-18 Revised:2024-08-22 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15

摘要： 配网线路高度较低，周围树木易与线路搭接形成单相触树接地故障（TSF），严重情况下可导致火灾。TSF的一个重要特征是树枝表面炭化通道的形成与发展。观测炭化通道形态可以定性判断故障进程，但仍然缺乏与TSF电气特征量对应的定量关系。基于此，在10 kV试验线路上模拟TSF，借助电气参数测量、高速摄像和红外测温等手段，研究TSF发展全过程中的泄漏电流、燃烧图像和温度分布，建立炭化通道发展形态这一定性特征与泄漏电流这一定量参数的关联性。结果表明，TSF可根据泄漏电流发展特征划分为5个阶段：炭化通道初始发展阶段、横向发展阶段、纵向发展阶段、抑制阶段与引燃/停止阶段。结合电流波形与高速拍摄图像，详细分析了每个阶段内炭化通道的发展形态与成因。结果表明，泄漏电流的变化趋势与炭化通道发展过程存在阶段关联性。针对故障过程中的电阻U形曲线进行了分析，其主要成因来源于炭化通道发展与水分蒸发的时间不同步性。研究结果可为导线单相触树故障的识别与监测提供理论参考。

关键词: 炭化通道, 树枝等效电阻, 泄漏电流, 单相触树接地故障

Abstract: The height of the distribution network line is low, and the surrounding trees are easy to lap up with the line to form a Tree-contact Single-phase-to-ground Fault (TSF), which can lead to fire in severe cases. An important feature of TSF is the formation and development of charring channels on the surface of branches. Observing the morphology of the carbonization channel can qualitatively judge the fault process, but it still lacks a quantitative relationship corresponding to the electrical characteristic quantities of TSF. Based on this, this paper simulated TSF on a 10 kV experimental line, and studied the leakage current, combustion image and temperature distribution in the whole development process of TSF by means of electrical parameter measurement, high-speed camera and infrared temperature measurement, and established the correlation between the qualitative characteristics of carbonization channel development form and the quantitative parameters of leakage current. The results show that the TSF can be divided into five stages according to the leakage current development characteristics: the initial development stage of the carbonization channel, the horizontal development stage, the vertical development stage, the suppression stage and the ignition/stop stage. Combined with the current waveform and high-speed camera image, the development form and cause of the carbonization channel in each stage were analyzed in detail. The results show that there is a stage correlation between the change trend of the leakage current and the development process of the carbonization channel. The resistance U-shaped curve in the fault process was analyzed, and the main cause came from the time difference between the development of the carbonization channel and the water evaporation. The research results can provide theoretical reference for the identification and monitoring of TSF.

Key words: carbonization channel, equivalent resistance of tree branches, leakage current, Tree-contact Single-phase-to-ground Fault