主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1573-1578.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

压缩空气泡沫扑灭受限空间变压器火灾有效性研究

王雅妮1, 王立永1, 叶宽1, 赵金龙2   

  1. （1.国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院，北京 100075； 2.中国矿业大学（北京），北京 100083）
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15 修回日期:2025-01-08 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 作者简介:王雅妮，国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院工程师，主要从事电网防灾减灾、智能运检研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国网北京市电力公司科技项目（520223240006）

Study on the effectiveness of compressed air foam extinguishing transformer fire in confined space

Wang Yani1, Wang Liyong1, Ye Kuan1, Zhao Jinlong2   

  1. (1. State Grid Beijing Electricity Research Institute, Beijing 100075, China; 2. China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)
  • Received:2024-10-15 Revised:2025-01-08 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15

摘要： 为研究压缩空气泡沫（CAFS）抑制地下受限空间变压器火灾的有效性，开展了不同变压器火灾场景下110 kV实尺度灭火试验，分析了受限空间不同区域泡沫液质量、析液时间、灭火过程、特征温度等参数变化规律。冷喷结果表明：喷射出的泡沫能够快速覆盖保护区域，变压器顶部区域泡沫覆盖量最大，最大覆盖量可达50 kg/（m2·min），这主要是由于CAFS喷淋管中3/4喷口朝向变压器顶部；泡沫的25%析液时间为220 s。灭火测试效果表明：CAFS能够扑灭受限空间不同场景的变压器火灾，扑灭最不利火灾场景的时间为14 s；CAFS对于泡沫覆盖区域冷却效果显著，对于泡沫液无法直接作用区域冷却效果较差，实际应用中建议采取其他措施辅助降温。

关键词: 地下变电站, 受限空间火灾, 变压器火灾, 压缩空气泡沫, 消防安全

Abstract: To investigate the effectiveness of compressed air foam system (CAFS) in suppressing and extinguishing transformer fires in underground confined spaces, this paper conducted full-scale extinguishment tests at 110 kV for various transformer fire scenarios. It analyzed the variation patterns of parameters such as foam concentrate mass, drainage time, extinguishment process, and characteristic temperatures in different regions of the confined space. The cold spray results indicated that the sprayed foam could rapidly cover the protected area, with the transformer top region experiencing the highest foam coverage, reaching a maximum of 50 kg/（m²·min）. This was primarily attributed to the fact that 3/4 of the nozzles in the CAFS spray pipe were directed towards the top of the transformer. The 25% drainage time of the foam was 220 s. The extinguishment test results demonstrated that CAFS could extinguish transformer fires in different scenarios within confined spaces, with the most unfavorable fire scenario being extinguished in 14 s. CAFS exhibited significant cooling effects on the foam-covered areas but less effective cooling in areas where the foam concentrate could not directly act. It is recommended to adopt additional measures to assist in temperature reduction in practical applications.

Key words: underground substation, confined space fire, transformer fire, compressed air foam, fire safety