主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1657-1664.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

隧道火灾竖井自然排烟研究综述

高子鹤1, 赵鹏举1, 蔡佳俊1, 翁庙成2   

  1. （1.郑州大学 土木工程学院，河南 郑州 450001； 2.重庆大学 土木工程学院，重庆 400000）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-15
  • 作者简介:高子鹤，郑州大学土木工程学院，主要从事地下建筑火灾防治研究，河南省郑州市高新区科学大道100号，450001。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（52576144）； 河南省优秀青年科学基金项目（222300420078）；重庆市建设科技项目（城科字2021第5-8）

A review of research on natural smoke exhaust by vertical shafts in tunnel fires

Gao Zihe1, Zhao Pengju1, Cai Jiajun1, Weng Miaocheng2   

  1. (1. School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan 450001, China; 2. College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China)
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-07-21 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-15

摘要： 本文综合评价了隧道火灾竖井自然排烟方面的研究成果，旨在促进隧道防火救灾研究的发展，为隧道防火设计提供理论依据和技术支持。系统梳理了隧道火灾竖井自然排烟的研究现状，简述了隧道火灾竖井自然排烟主要研究方式及其基本原理，并详细总结了国内外在该领域的研究进展。重点探讨了竖井（竖井高度、竖井口尺寸与形状、竖井-火源间距、竖井个数及排布方式）、环境参数（环境压强、环境风）、隧道结构（隧道阻塞程度、隧道坡度、隧道高宽比）等诸多因素对隧道火灾竖井自然排烟影响的研究成果。此外，还介绍了一些竖井排烟性能提升方式（倾斜竖井结构、竖井-烟幕及竖向挡板结构、竖井-板耦合结构），以期为隧道防火救灾研究提供参考。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 竖井自然排烟, 研究现状, 影响因素, 排烟提升措施

Abstract: This article comprehensively evaluates the research results on natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, aiming to promote the development of tunnel fire prevention and disaster relief research, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for tunnel fire prevention design. The article systematically reviews the current research status of natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, briefly describes the main research methods and basic principles of natural smoke exhaust by shafts in tunnel fire, and summarizes in detail the research progress in this field at home and abroad. The research focuses on the impact of various factors such as the vertical shaft (height, size and shape of the vertical shaft, distance between the vertical shaft and the fire source, number and arrangement of vertical shaft), environment (environmental pressure, environmental wind), and tunnel structure (degree of tunnel blockage, tunnel slope, tunnel height to width ratio) on the natural smoke exhaust from vertical shafts in tunnel fires. In addition, some methods for improving the smoke exhaust performance of vertical shafts (inclined vertical shaft structure, vertical shaft-smoke curtain and vertical baffle structure, vertical shaft plate coupling structure) were also introduced, so as to provide reference for tunnel fire prevention and disaster relief research.

Key words: tunnel fire, natural smoke exhaust by vertical shafts, current research status, influencing factors, smoke exhaust enhancement measures