主管:中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办:应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1665-1669.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

下沉式广场用于疏散防火设计的探讨

祁晓霞1, 秦盛民2, 张佳伟2, 田育民2   

  1. (1.成都广益技术咨询有限责任公司,四川 成都 610041; 2.中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司,四川 成都 610041)
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 修回日期:2025-05-13 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-15
  • 作者简介:祁晓霞,成都广益技术咨询有限责任公司消防顾问,正高级工程师,硕士,主要从事消防设计技术咨询工作,四川省成都市天府四街300号财智中心1号楼,610041,332305317@qq.com。

Discussion on the use of sunken plaza for fire evacuation design

Qi Xiaoxia1, Qin Shengmin2, Zhang Jiawei2, Tian Yumin2   

  1. (1. Chengdu Guangyi Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610041, China; 2. China Architecture Southwest Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu Sichuan 610041, China)
  • Received:2025-01-10 Revised:2025-05-13 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-15

摘要: 下沉式广场仅用于疏散时,如果执行GB 50016-2014《建筑设计防火规范》第6.4.12条,往往因为开口之间13 m的水平距离要求、下沉式广场169 m2的最小面积要求造成设计困难,但现行国家标准中没有其他下沉式广场用于疏散的防火设计要求。针对下沉式广场的设计乱象,考虑实际工程的设计需求,在现行《建筑设计防火规范》框架下,提出下沉式广场用于疏散的防火设计方法,强调以露天洞口尺寸为基准规定下沉式广场用于疏散的所有设计要求,并通过计算式将下沉式广场的露天洞口面积、室外楼梯宽度与各防火分区开向该下沉式广场的计算疏散净宽度进行关联,实现量化折减疏散宽度的目的。此外,对叠加式下沉式广场、地铁与商业共用下沉式广场的防火设计也进行了简单探讨。

关键词: 下沉式广场, 人员疏散, 防火设计

Abstract: When the sunken plaza is only used for evacuation, if the provisions of Article 6.4.12 of the GB 50016-2014, Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings are implemented, it is often difficult to design because of the horizontal distance requirement of 13 m between the openings and the minimum area requirement of 169 m2 for the sunken plaza. However, there are no other fire protection design requirements for sunken plazas used for evacuation in the current national standards. In response to the chaotic design of sunken plazas and considering the actual engineering design requirements, this paper proposes a fire protection design method for sunken plazas used for evacuation within the current framework of Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings. It emphasizes that all design requirements for sunken plazas used for evacuation should be based on the size of open-air openings. By using calculations, it links the area of open-air openings in sunken plazas, the width of outdoor staircases, and the calculated clear evacuation widths of each fire compartment leading to these sunken plazas, achieving the goal of quantitatively reducing the evacuation width. Additionally, a brief discussion is provided on the fire protection design of superimposed sunken plazas and sunken plazas shared by subway and commercial areas.

Key words: sunken plaza, personnel evacuation, fire protection design