主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 156-162.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

文物建筑典型木构件燃烧及火蔓延试验研究

李航1,2, 王波3, 刘瑾洲3, 胡皓玮2   

  1. （1.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室)，安徽 合肥 230031； 2.中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026； 3.故宫博物院 北京 100009）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-30 修回日期:2024-10-26 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-15
  • 作者简介:李 航，合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院（安徽省能源试验室）博士研究生，主要从事木构件引燃、燃烧、火蔓延研究，安徽省合肥市蜀山区黄山路443号，230026。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2022-017）；国家自然科学基金项目（52206183）

Experimental study on burning and flame spread of typical wooden components in heritage buildings

Li Hang1,2, Wang Bo3, Liu Jinzhou3, Hu Haowei2   

  1. (1. Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(Anhui Energy Laboratory), Hefei Anhui 230031, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China; 3. The Palace Museum, Beijing 100009, China)
  • Received:2024-06-30 Revised:2024-10-26 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-15

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摘要： 我国多数文物建筑中存在多种形式的木构件，针对典型围合构件、屋顶构件及榫卯连接件开展燃烧及火蔓延试验，通过设置10 kW火源功率，模拟早期火灾场景下的火灾发展过程，并获得温度、热释放速率、辐射热流等参数的变化规律。研究表明，在相同火源功率条件下，构件尺寸、结构、树种、火源位置等因素均会对燃烧过程产生显著影响。对于围合构件，格栅结构的存在使得木结构容易形成双侧火蔓延，且热释放速率较高，可视为木结构建筑火灾中火蔓延路径的关键影响构件。对于屋顶构件中的天花，烧穿的发生同样有助于火势蔓延。对于斗拱和榫卯连接件，由于其选用的木材尺寸相对较大，为热厚型材料，火蔓延过程相对较为缓慢，但构件结构损坏同样可能对建筑本体造成巨大影响。研究内容为识别木构件早期火灾场景下的关键影响构件提供参考。

关键词: 木构件, 早期火灾, 燃烧, 火蔓延

Abstract: There are many kinds of wooden component in timber buildings. This paper conducts burning and flame spread experiments on typical enclosure components, roof components and mortise-tenon components. The fire source with heat release rate of 10 kW is used to simulate the development process of the early fire stage, and the changes of temperature, heat release rate and radiant heat flux are obtained. The results show that with the same heat release rate of the fire source, component size, structure, tree species and fire source location will significantly affect the burning process. For enclosed components, the existence of grille structure makes the timber structure easy to spread flame form double-sided concurrent , and the heat release rate is high, which can be regarded as the key component of the flame spread path in the timber structure fire. For the ceilings in roof components, burning through behavior also helps the flame spread. For Dou-Gong and mortise-tenon components, due to their relatively large size, the flame spread process is relatively slow, but the structural damage of the components may also greatly affect the building. This research provides a reference for identifying the key components in the early fire stage of wooden components.

Key words: timber component, early fire, combustion, fire spread