主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 504-510.

• • 上一篇    

锂离子电池储能舱液氮灭火数值模拟研究

于永1, 宋宇辰2, 周伟1, 王志2   

  1. （1.南通市消防救援支队，江苏 南通 226000； 2.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116）
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-20 修回日期:2024-07-11 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-15
  • 作者简介:于 永，南通市消防救援支队灭火救援指挥部副部长，中级专业技术职务，主要从事消防救援方面的研究，江苏省南通市崇川区海云路1号，226000。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52204253）；江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（BK20242088）；江苏省双创博士项目（JSSCBS20221518）；民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室开放基金项目（MZ2023KF06）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2023M733766）；中央高校基本科研业务费项目（2022QN1009）

Research on numerical simulation of liquid nitrogen suppressing lithium-ion battery storage cabin fire

Yu Yong1, Song Yuchen2,Zhou Wei1, Wang Zhi2   

  1. (1. Nantong Fire and Rescue Division, Nantong Jiangsu 226000, China;2. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China)
  • Received:2024-05-20 Revised:2024-07-11 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-15

摘要： 为研究液氮对储能舱火灾的抑制效果，通过数值模拟的方法，模拟了储能舱内锂离子电池模组的热失控。比较了常压和低压环境下液氮和细水雾的灭火效果，并进一步研究了喷头数量以及喷雾角度对储能舱液氮灭火效果的影响。研究结果表明，在抑制储能舱锂离子电池热失控蔓延方面，无论是常压还是低压环境，液氮都比细水雾的效果更佳，且随着喷头数量增加、喷雾角度减小，液氮的灭火效果进一步增强。因此，通过设置不同数量和喷雾角度的喷头，可以优化储能舱火灾中液氮的灭火效果。研究结果可为锂离子电池储能舱液氮灭火设计提供依据。

关键词: 锂离子电池储能舱, 液氮灭火, 喷头数量, 喷雾角度, 数值模拟

Abstract: To study the suppression effect of liquid nitrogen on fires in energy storage cabins, the thermal runaway of battery modules in the energy storage cabin was numerically simulated. The fire extinguishing effects of liquid nitrogen and water mist were compared under normal pressure and low pressure environments, and the influences of the number of nozzles and the spray angle on the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen in the energy storage cabin were further studied. The research results show that in terms of suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of lithium batteries in the energy storage cabin, liquid nitrogen has a better effect than water mist regardless of whether it is in a normal pressure or low pressure environment. Moreover, as the number of nozzles increases and the spray angle decreases, the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen is further enhanced. Therefore, by setting nozzles with different numbers and spray angles, the fire extinguishing effect of liquid nitrogen in fires in energy storage cabins can be optimized. The research results can provide a basis for the design of liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing in lithium-ion battery energy storage cabins.

Key words: lithium-ion battery energy storage cabin, liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing, number of nozzles, spray angle, numerical simulation