主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 776-782.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

某火车站地下换乘大厅安检设施对疏散安全的影响

胡成1, 丛威青2, 王祺轩3, 李俊梅4, 马静3, 李畅3, 陈树3, 王依林3   

  1. （1.北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所，北京100054； 2.北京市重点站区管理委员会，北京100055； 3.北京城市学院 城市建设学部，北京101300； 4.北京工业大学 建筑与土木工程学院，北京100124）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11 修回日期:2024-07-25 出版日期:2025-06-24 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 作者简介:胡 成，北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所应急管理研究中心副研究员，博士，主要从事公共场所人群聚集活动安全风险防范与应对、旅游安全等方面的研究，北京市西城区陶然亭路55号，100054。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41977408）；北京城市学院“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目（202411418114）

Study on heat insulation effect of high pressure fire water curtain on bucket-type residential building

Hu Cheng1, Cong Weiqing2, Wang Qixuan3, Li Junmei4, Ma Jing3, Li Chang3, Chen Shu3, Wang Yilin3   

  1. (1. Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China; 2. Beijing Key Station Area Management Commission, Beijing 100055, China; 3. School of Urban Construction, Beijing City University, Beijing 101300, China; 4. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)
  • Received:2024-06-11 Revised:2024-07-25 Online:2025-06-24 Published:2025-06-15

摘要： 铁路客站地下换乘大厅作为多种交通方式汇聚的区域，其复杂的空间布局与高度密集的人流对紧急疏散构成了挑战，特别是地铁换乘铁路时新增的二次安检设施，可能显著影响疏散效率。本文以北京某站地下换乘大厅为案例，分析安检设施对疏散出口空间的占用情况，并结合换乘客流特性、空间功能区划及疏散安全标准，构建了针对性的疏散安全风险评估方法，通过模拟典型疏散场景，量化评估了安检前后的疏散时间变化。结果显示，未设安检时疏散时间满足安全要求（5.38 min），而增设安检后疏散时间均超出了标准（>6 min），表明安检设施挤占疏散通道，会影响火灾等紧急情况下的疏散安全。为此，提出缩减商业面积、优化人流引导、辅助携带大件行李乘客及调整安检区域布局等改进措施。

关键词: 铁路客站, 地下换乘大厅, 二次安检, 安全出口, 疏散安全, 风险评估

Abstract: As an area where multiple transportation modes converge, the underground transfer hall of railway stations poses challenges to emergency evacuation due to its complex spatial layout and highly dense pedestrian flow, especially when secondary security inspection facilities are newly introduced during subway-to-railway transfers, which may significantly affect evacuation efficiency. Taking the underground transfer hall of a station in Beijing as a case study, this paper analyzes the occupancy of evacuation exit space by security inspection facilities, and constructs a targeted evacuation safety risk assessment method by integrating the characteristics of transfer passenger flow, spatial functional zoning, and evacuation safety standards. Through simulating typical evacuation scenarios, the paper quantitatively evaluates the changes in evacuation time before and after the implementation of security inspections. The results show that the evacuation time meets safety requirements (5.38 min) without security inspections, while it exceeds the standard (>6 min) after the addition of security inspections, indicating that the security inspection facilities occupy evacuation channels and compromise evacuation safety in emergencies such as fires. Consequently, improvement measures are proposed, including reducing commercial areas, optimizing pedestrian flow guidance, assisting passengers with large luggage, and adjusting the layout of security inspection areas.

Key words: railway passenger station, underground transfer hall, secondary security check, emergency exit, evacuation safety, risk assessment