主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 834-838.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

森林航空直升机灭火能力影响因素研究

武冬冬1, 杨海龙2, 王少杰1, 郭赞权1, 杨晓平3   

  1. （1.中国消防救援学院 消防指挥系，北京 102201； 2.国家消防救援局大庆航空救援支队，黑龙江 大庆 163000； 3.国家消防救援局昆明航空救援支队，云南 昆明 650399）
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-06-24 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 作者简介:武冬冬，中国消防救援学院消防指挥系副教授，博士，主要从事水文地质、消防救援方面的研究，北京市昌平区南雁路04号，102201，wudongdong11@tju.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划（2023YFC3006900）；中国消防救援学院新入职博士教师科研启动基金项目（XFKB202303）

Study on the selection of forest fire driving factors based SEM models

武冬冬1, 杨海龙2, 王少杰1, 郭赞权1, 杨晓平3   

  1. (1. Department of Fire Command , China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102201, China; 2. Daqing Air Rescue Detachment of National Fire and Rescue Administration, Daqing Heilongjiang 163000, China; 3. Kunming Air Rescue Detachment of National Fire and Rescue Administration, Kunming Yunnan 650399, China)
  • Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-10-12 Online:2025-06-24 Published:2025-06-15

摘要： 森林航空直升机灭火是国内森林消防的重要手段，本文在分析直升机灭火应用流程的基础上，从直升机运行安全性、直升机技术性能、火场作业环境、制度保障体系等4个维度，构建了包含20个影响因素的直升机灭火能力指标体系。通过DEMATEL方法建立影响因素指标相关矩阵，揭示影响直升机灭火能力的关键影响因素，从而提高直升机灭火扑救能力。研究结果表明，直升机飞行速度、飞行高度、飞行姿态、直升机数量、地空协作能力和人员驾驶能力中心度最高，是影响直升机灭火能力的直接因素，在直升机灭火作业中，应着重考虑直升机的安全性，提升科技含量，优化地空协作能力。研究成果可为森林航空直升机灭火能力的提升提供决策依据。

关键词: 森林航空, 直升机灭火, 森林火灾, DEMATEL, 直升机吊桶灭火

Abstract: Aerial firefighting by helicopters is an important means of forest fire protection in China. Based on the analysis of the application process of helicopter firefighting, a helicopter firefighting capability index system was constructed including 20 influencing factors from four dimensions: helicopter operation safety, helicopter technical performance, fire scene operation environment, and institutional guarantee system. A relevant matrix of influencing factor indicators was established to reveal the key factors affecting the helicopter's firefighting capability and improve the firefighting and rescue capability of helicopters by using the DEMATEL method. The results showed that the center degrees of helicopter flight speed, flight altitude, flight attitude, number of helicopters, ground-air cooperation ability, and pilot driving ability were the highest, which were the direct factors affecting the helicopter firefighting capability. In helicopter firefighting operations, it is important to focus on the safety of the helicopter, enhance technological content, and optimize ground-air cooperation capabilities. This conclusion can provide a basis for decision-making in improving the firefighting capability of forest aviation helicopters.

Key words: forest aviation, helicopter firefighting, forest fire, DEMATEL, helicopter bucket dropping