主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 846-850.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

大型原油储罐全面积火灾处置技术研究

郎需庆1,2, 党文义1,2, 董永昭3, 王庆银4   

  1. （1.化学品安全全国重点实验室，山东 青岛 266104； 2.中石化安全工程研究院有限公司，山东 青岛 266104； 3.中国石化集团公司健康安全环保部，北京 100728； 4.中国石油化工股份有限公司中原油田分公司消防救援支队，河南 濮阳 457000）
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16 修回日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2025-06-15 发布日期:2025-06-15
  • 作者简介:郎需庆，化学品安全全国重点实验室正高级工程师，注册安全工程师，硕士，主要从事工业消防安全技术研究，山东省青岛市崂山区松岭路339号，266101，langxuqing@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3011100）；应急管理部消防救援局科技项目（2021XFCX17）

Application of dehazing methods based on SwimTransformer in forest fire

Lang Xuqing1,2, Dang Wenyi1,2, Dong Yongzhao3, Wang Qingyin4   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, Qingdao Shandong 266104, China; 2. SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao Shandong 266104, China; 3. SINOPEC Health Safety and Environment Department, Beijing 100728, China; 4. SINOPEC Zhongyuan Oil Field Fire and Rescue Division, Puyang Henan 457000, China)
  • Received:2024-07-16 Revised:2024-09-30 Online:2025-06-15 Published:2025-06-15

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摘要： 简述引发大型原油储罐全面积火灾的2个主要原因，指出防止浮盘失稳是防范全面积火灾的最关键措施，尤其要避免台风暴雨情况下浮盘表面不均匀积水造成的浮盘沉没。分析大型储罐全面积火灾的处置难点，指出原油储罐长时间燃烧会引发沸溢，沸溢会引燃5～10倍着火罐直径范围内的储罐。防范沸溢是原油储罐全面积火灾的最主要目标，指出原油储罐应在2 h内完成灭火。提出了固定式消防系统、移动式消防装备及固移结合3种处置大型原油储罐全面积火灾的消防配置方式，为原油储备库的消防装备配置提供了解决方案。

关键词: 大型原油储罐, 全面积火灾, 沸溢, 火灾处置

Abstract: The two main reasons of full surface fire for large scale crude oil tanks have been briefed. It is pointed that prevention of floating roof balance loss is the key to prevent full surface fires and the uneven distribution of rain water on the floating roof should be avoided. The difficulties of dealing with full surface fires have been analyzed and the long time burning of crude oil tanks can lead to boil over, which can lead to tank fires around the burning tanks within 5～10 diameters. To prevent the boil over of crude oil tanks is the most important target for full surface fires and it is pointed out that the crude oil tank fire should be extinguished in two hours. Three fire equipment modes have been put out for full surface fires including fixed firefighting system, mobile firefighting equipment and the combined firefighting mode.

Key words: large scale crude oil tanks, full surface fire, boil over, fire disposal