主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 877-881.

• •    下一篇

氧化合金锂离子电池在电热滥用条件下的热安全特性分析

储玉喜1,2,3, 马畅1,2,3, 李晋1,2,3, 李亚昭4, 李文4, 张少禹1,2,3, 卓萍1,2,3   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.电化学能源消防安全联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102000； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381； 4.山东昭文新能源科技有限公司，山东 潍坊262100）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18 修回日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-15
  • 作者简介:储玉喜，应急管理部天津消防研究所第四研究室副研究员，主要从事新能源火灾防控技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    国际锂离子电池储能安全评价关键技术合作研发（2022YFE0207400）；应急管理部重点科技计划（2024EMST111107）；应急管理部天津消防研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（2024SJ21）

Analysis on thermal safety characteristics of oxide alloy lithium-ion battery under electro-thermal abuse conditions

Chu Yuxi 1,2,3, Ma Chang1,2,3, Li Jin1,2,3, Li Yazhao4, Li Wen4, Zhang Shaoyu1,2,3, Zhuo Ping1,2,3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy and Fire Safety Joint Innovation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102000, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Shandong Zhaowen New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang Shandong 262100, China)
  • Received:2025-02-18 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-07-15

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摘要： 为研究18650型氧化合金锂离子电池的热安全特性，基于绝热加速量热仪和密闭压力容器，开展电池在绝热、加热、1C过充条件下的电热滥用试验，获得了电池的温度、电压、内阻及其产气行为。结果表明：电池在绝热条件下自产热平均温度T1为89.21 ℃，自产热阶段平均最高温升速率为0.648 ℃/min；利用加热棒对电池进行加热，加热棒最高温度为684.84 ℃，加热时间为1 376 s，电池表面温度最高为274.13 ℃，质量损失率为13.81%；在1C过充过程中电压最高为4.39 V，表面温度最高为57.05 ℃，质量损失率为0.82%。按照电池热失控判定条件，在上述3种试验条件下电池均未发生热失控。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 氧化合金, 热失控, 绝热环境, 电热滥用

Abstract: In order to investigate the thermal safety characteristics of 18650-type oxide alloy lithium-ion batteries, electro-thermal abuse experiments under adiabatic, heating, and 1C-overcharge conditions were conducted using an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and a closed pressure vessel. The temperatures, voltages, internal resistance and gas production characteristics of the batteries under electro-thermal abuse conditions were obtained. The results show that: First, the battery in the adiabatic conditions of self-heating onset average temperature T1 was 89.21 ℃, the average maximum temperature rise rate during the self-heating stage was 0.648 ℃/min. Second, the battery was heated using the heating bar, the maximum temperature of the heating bar was 684.84 ℃, the whole heating time was 1 376 s. The maximum surface temperature of the battery was 274.13 ℃, and the mass loss rate was 13.81%. Finally, the maximum voltage of the battery during 1C overcharging was 4.39 V, the maximum surface temperature was 57.05 ℃, and the mass loss rate was 0.82%. In accordance with the standard conditions for determining the thermal runaway of the battery, it was considered that the battery did not exhibit thermal runaway behavior under the above three electro-thermal abuse conditions.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, oxide alloy, thermal runaway, adiabatic environment, electro-thermal abuse