主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 917-922.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

地铁车站防排烟系统精细化控制模式研究

侯春源1,2, 朱国庆1,3, 端木祥玲4, 周鹏4   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221100； 2.北京市规划和自然资源委员会,北京 101100； 3.深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室，江苏 徐州 221100； 4.建研防火科技有限公司，北京 100013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06 修回日期:2025-05-08 出版日期:2025-07-24 发布日期:2025-07-15
  • 作者简介:侯春源，中国矿业大学安全工程学院，北京市规划和自然资源委员会消防设计审查处副处长，博士研究生，主要从事建筑消防设计管理工作，北京市通州区副中心工程承安路1号，101100。

Research on the refined control mode of smoke prevention and exhaust system in subway stations

Hou Chunyuan1,2, Zhu Guoqing1,3, Duanmu Xiangling4, Zhou Peng4   

  1. (1. School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221100, China;2. Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources, Beijing 101100, China; 3. Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221100, China; 4. CABR Fire Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China)
  • Received:2025-03-06 Revised:2025-05-08 Online:2025-07-24 Published:2025-07-15

摘要： 以北京市某标准地下三层换乘车站为研究对象，针对地下三层站台层发生不同类型火灾，利用PyroSim软件开展不同火源位置、热释放速率和排烟模式下火灾烟气数值模拟，研究不同烟控模式对站台层火灾烟气的控制效果，实现地铁站台层火灾防排烟系统精细化控制。结果表明：无论发生站台层行李火灾还是列车火灾，在标准地铁车站站台层划分防烟分区有利于火灾烟气控制和人员安全疏散。对于站台层行李火灾，通过站台层防烟分区内排烟风机和站厅层空调系统机械补风能够有效防止烟气通过楼扶梯口由站台层向站厅层蔓延，且烟气控制效果最好；对于列车火灾，控制烟气蔓延主要依靠轨顶排热风机和隧道风机，同时开启站台层列车火灾相邻防烟分区排烟风机，对烟气控制效果最好。同时，通过对楼扶梯洞口风速统计可知，对于站台层行李火灾，由于火源功率较小，楼扶梯洞口局部下行风速低于1.5 m/s也能有效控制烟气不向站厅层蔓延；对于列车火灾，上述烟控模式能够保证每个楼梯洞口下行风速满足规范的同时最接近1.5 m/s，更有利于人员安全疏散。

关键词: 地铁车站, 防排烟系统, 烟控模式, 数值模拟, 下行风速

Abstract: This research focuses on a standard three-story underground transfer station in Beijing. Considering the different types of fires that may occur on the three-story underground platform floor, numerical simulations of fire smoke are carried out using the PyroSim software. These simulations cover various conditions, such as different fire source locations, heat release rates, and smoke exhaust modes. The study aims at exploring the control effects of diverse smoke control modes comprehensively on the fire-generated smoke in the platform floor, with the ultimate objective of achieving precise control of the fire smoke control system in the subway platform area. The results clearly show that the division of smoke zones on the platform floor of a standard subway station is conducive to the control of fire generated smoke and the safe evacuation. And for luggage fires on the platform floor, the mechanical air-make-up provided by the smoke exhaust fans within the platform floor smoke zone and the air-conditioning system of the concourse floor can prevent the smoke effectively from spreading from the platform level to the concourse floor through the stairways and escalator openings. When it comes to train fires, in addition to activating the platform floor smoke exhaust fans, it is also crucial to activate the track exhaust fans and tunnel ventilation fans to restrain the spread of smoke effectively from the platform floor to the concourse floor. Moreover, through the statistical analysis of the wind speed at the stairway and escalator openings, it can be seen clearly that for luggage fires on the platform floor, due to the relatively small scale of such fires, a local downward wind speed lower than 1.5 m/s at the stairway and escalator openings can still prevent the smoke effectively from spreading to the concourse level. For train fires, the smoke control mode can ensure that the downward wind speed at each stairwell meets the regulatory requirements while being as close as possible to 1.5 m/s, which is more conducive to the safe evacuation.

Key words: subway station, smoke control system, smoke control mode, numerical simulation, downward wind speed