主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1139-1145.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

消防救援人员创伤后成长现状及影响因素研究

王玉婷1, 饶玉玲2, 张蕾3, 张小崔4   

  1. （1.国家卫生健康委员会出生缺陷研究与预防重点实验室（湖南省妇幼保健院），湖南 长沙 410028； 2.湖南农业大学 教育学院，湖南 长沙 410128； 3.长沙市消防救援支队，湖南 长沙410003； 4.中南大学湘雅二医院医学心理中心, 湖南 长沙 410011）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-15
  • 作者简介:王玉婷，湖南省妇幼保健院心理卫生科主治医师，硕士，主要从事心理健康干预与预防的临床和科研工作，湖南省长沙市开福区湘春路53号，410028，wangyuting2729@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金面上项目（2024JJ5496）

Current status and factors influencing post-traumatic growth of firefighters

Wang Yuting1, Rao Yuling2, Zhang Lei3, Zhang Xiaocui4   

  1. (1. NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Changsha Hunan 410028, China; 2. College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha Hunan 410128, China; 3. Changsha Fire and Rescue Division, Changsha Hunan 410003, China; 4. Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410011, China)
  • Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-15

摘要： 为了探讨消防员创伤后成长现状及其相关影响因素，采用创伤后成长量表（PTGI）、心理韧性量表（RISC）、情绪调节量表（ERQ）对2 330名消防救援人员进行调查，并开展相关分析。通过方差分析、t检验、相关性分析和线性回归分析，发现1 546名消防救援人员表现出中等偏上创伤后成长水平；是否独生、婚姻状况、年龄、学历、工作年限、职业类别在创伤后成长上差异显著（P0.05）；心理弹性、认知重评与创伤后成长显著正相关（r=0.59，P＜0.01；r=0.49，P＜0.01）；工作年限、年龄、心理弹性和认知重评显著预测了创伤后成长水平，即消防救援人员的心理弹性和认知重评的水平越高、工作年限越短、年龄越小，其创伤后成长水平越高。研究结果表明，消防救援组织应为工作年限较长、年龄较大的消防员提供职业转型或晋升机会，降低一线工作对其心理持续性冲击的影响；同时，应定期进行心理干预，帮助消防员调整心态，重构对创伤事件的认知，促进创伤后成长水平的提升。

关键词: 创伤后成长, 影响因素, 心理弹性, 认知重评, 消防救援人员

Abstract: To explore the current status of firefighters' post-traumatic growth and its related influencing factors, a survey was conducted on 2 330 firefighters using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Resilience Scale (RISC), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and relevent analyses were carried out. Through analysis of variance, t-test, correlation analysis, and linear-regression analysis, it was found 1 546 firefighters showed moderately high levels of post-traumatic growth; there were significant differences in PTG among only children, different marital statuses, age, education background, working year, and occupational category (P0.05); resilience and cognitive reappraisal were significantly and positively correlated with PTG (r=0.59, P0.01; r=0.49, P0.01); Working years, age, psychological resilience and cognitive reappraisal significantly predict the level of post-traumatic growth, that is, the higher the level of psychological resilience and cognitive reappraisal, the shorter the working years, and the younger the age of fire rescue personnel, the higher their post-traumatic growth level. The research results indicate that, fire stations should provide career transition or promotion opportunities for older firefighters with longer working years to reduce the continuous new impact of frontline work on their psychology; meanwhile, regular psychological interventions should be carried out to help firefighters adjust their mindset and reconstruct their cognition of the traumatic events, so as to promote the enhancement of post-traumatic growth level.

Key words: post-traumatic growth, influence factors, resilience, cognitive reappraisal, firefighters