面向应用的国内电气火灾物证鉴定技术研究进展

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1326-1333.

面向应用的国内电气火灾物证鉴定技术研究进展

陈克1,2,3, 张斌1,2,3, 郭宇航1,2,3, 王轩磊1,2,3, 刘振刚1,2,3

（1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300382； 2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）

收稿日期:2025-06-16 修回日期:2025-08-06 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
作者简介:陈克，应急管理部天津消防研究所研究员，硕士，主要从事电气火灾和车辆火灾物证鉴定技术方面的研究工作，天津市西青区津涞公路富兴路2号，300382，chenke@tfri.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFC3006300，2022YFC3006303）；应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2022SJZYZJ11，2024SJ06）

Research progress in applied electrical fire evidence identification techniques in China

Chen Ke1,2,3, Zhang Bin1,2,3, Guo Yuhang1,2,3, Wang Xuanlei1,2,3, Liu Zhengang1,2,3

(1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300382, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)

Received:2025-06-16 Revised:2025-08-06 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 精准认定电气火灾的起火原因，能够及时化解矛盾纠纷、有效预防类似火灾再次发生并最大限度降低损失。这一目标的实现，依赖火灾物证提取与鉴定技术的支撑。本文面向电气火灾物证鉴定的实际应用需求，综述了我国电气火灾物证提取与鉴定技术的研究进展，包括基于BMS、云端及智能电表数据分析的物证定位技术，熔痕智能识别技术的关键突破，短路熔痕再结晶机制，铝/黄铜类物证有损鉴定技术和Micro-CT/X射线无损鉴定技术的最新成果，展望了电气火灾物证鉴定技术面向物证分类体系、融合分析技术及引燃能力表征的发展趋势。

关键词: 电气火灾物证；熔痕；物证鉴定；火灾调查

Abstract: Accurate identification of the ignition cause in electrical fires is crucial for promptly resolving disputes, effectively preventing recurrence, and minimizing losses. Achieving this objective relies on evidence collection and identification techniques. Addressing the practical needs of electrical fire investigation, this paper reviews research advances in electrical fire evidence collection and identification techniques in China, including evidence localization techniques based on BMS, cloud, and smart meter data analysis; key breakthroughs in intelligent molten mark recognition; recrystallization mechanisms of short-circuit molten marks; destructive testing methods for aluminum/brass evidence and Micro-CT/X-ray non-destructive testing technologies. Future developments trends in evidence classification systems, integrated analysis technologies, and ignition propensity characterization are also presented.

Key words: electrical fire evidence; molten mark; physical evidence identification; fire investigation

陈克, 张斌, 郭宇航, 王轩磊, 刘振刚. 面向应用的国内电气火灾物证鉴定技术研究进展[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(9): 1326-1333.

Chen Ke, Zhang Bin, Guo Yuhang, Wang Xuanlei, Liu Zhengang. Research progress in applied electrical fire evidence identification techniques in China[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(9): 1326-1333.