主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 169-174.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

聚硅酸钾基防火涂层改性酚醛泡沫的性能研究

商珂1,2,3, 侯鹏飞1,2,3, 林涛4, 王俊胜1,2,3   

  1. （1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381； 4.天津理工大学 环境科学与安全工程学院，天津 300384）
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:商 珂，应急管理部天津消防研究所副研究员，博士，主要从事防火阻燃材料和消防员个人防护装备研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目 （U2037206）

Study on properties of phenolic foam modified by potassium polysilicate based fire-retardant coating

Shang Ke1,2,3, Hou Pengfei1,2,3, Lin Tao4, Wang JunSheng1,2,3   

  1. (1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China)
  • Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 针对酚醛泡沫残炭率低、炭层强度弱以及易阴燃等问题，本文以硅溶胶为原料、甘油为分散剂、氢氧化钾为固化剂，制备聚硅酸钾基防火涂层，并将其用于酚醛泡沫的阻燃改性，以提升酚醛泡沫的阻燃性能、火灾安全性和隔热性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、极限氧指数仪、垂直燃烧测试仪、锥形量热仪、丁烷喷枪和热红外成像仪等测试手段，研究聚硅酸钾基防火涂层改性前后酚醛泡沫的微观形貌、阻燃性能、燃烧行为和隔热性能。研究结果表明，聚硅酸钾基防火涂层改性处理后，酚醛泡沫表面形成了50～100 μm厚的保护层，显著提升了酚醛泡沫的阻燃性能、火灾安全性和隔热性能。改性处理后酚醛泡沫的极限氧指数提升至60.0%以上，并通过垂直燃烧测试V-0级，其热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别降低了76.2%和97.3%，残炭量从几乎完全燃烧的0.3%提升至75.0%。此外，聚硅酸钾基防火涂层高温下形成的致密陶瓷状炭层能够有效阻碍火焰和热量的传播，降低酚醛泡沫的背火面温度。

关键词: 酚醛泡沫, 聚硅酸钾基防火涂层, 阻燃性能, 燃烧行为, 隔热性能

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of low carbon residue rate, weak carbon layer strength and smoldering of phenolic foam, this article uses silica sol as raw material, glycerin as dispersant, and potassium hydroxide as curing agent to prepare potassium polysilicate based fire-retardant coating, which is used for flame-retardant modification of phenolic foam to improve the flame retardancy, fire safety and thermal insulation performance. Scanning electron microscope, limiting oxygen index, vertical combustion tester, cone calorimeter, butane spray gun and thermal infrared imager were used to study the microstructure, flame retardancy, combustion behavior and thermal insulation performance of phenolic foam before and after the modification of potassium polysilicate based fire-retardant coating. The results show that 50 to 100 μm thick protective layer is formed on the surface of phenolic foam after the modification of potassium polysilicate based fireproof coating, which significantly improves the flame retardancy, fire safety and thermal insulation performance of phenolic foam. After the modification, the limiting oxygen index of phenolic foam is increased to more than 60.0% with a V-0 level in the vertical combustion test. The peak of heatrelease rate and total heat release decreased by 76.2% and 97.3%, respectively, and the residual carbon content increased from 0.3% of almost complete combustion to 75.0%. Moreover, the dense ceramic carbon layer formed by potassium polysilicate based fire-retardant coating can effectively block the spread of flame and heat, thereby reduce the unexposed surface temperature of phenolic foam.

Key words: phenolic foam, potassium polysilicate based fire-retardant coating, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, thermal insulation performance