主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 182-188.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

川西高原水质对水成膜泡沫灭火剂理化性能的影响研究

过羿1, 张佳庆1, 王东升2, 孔得朋2, 高鹏冉2   

  1. （1.国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 安徽省新型电力系统火灾安全与应急技术重点实验室(国家电网公司输变电设施火灾防护实验室)，安徽 合肥 230601； 2.中国石油大学（华东）机电工程学院，山东 青岛 266580）
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26 修回日期:2025-04-10 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:过 羿，国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院高级工程师，主要从事高压电气设备火灾防控研究，安徽省合肥市经济技术开发区紫云路299号，230601，gyi89@mail.ustc.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国网安徽省电力有限公司科技项目（B3120523000U）

Study on the effect of water quality in the Western Sichuan Plateau on the properties of aqueous film-forming foam

Guo Yi1, Zhang Jiaqing1, Wang Dongsheng2, Kong Depeng2, Gao Pengran2   

  1. (1. State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Type Power Systems Fire Safety and Emergency Technology(State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities), Hefei Anhui 230601, China; 2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao Shandong 266580, China)
  • Received:2025-02-26 Revised:2025-04-10 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要： 随着特高压输变电工程建设迈进川西高原等“地域无人区”，特高压站内压缩空气泡沫灭火系统采用的水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF)开始在高原地区得到应用，高原地区水质差异引起的AFFF理化性能变化受到关注。本研究实地采集了川西高原地区海拔500～4 000 m的消防水样，进行了水质分析，并深入探讨了水质对AFFF泡沫理化性能的影响，包括析液、粗化和液膜性能。研究结果表明，海拔 4 000 m的消防水质电导率最低，海拔2 500 m的消防水质浊度最高。浊度会显著影响泡沫稳定性，具体表现为浊度较高的水样会加速泡沫析液和粗化，破坏液膜结构，影响液膜稳定性。此外，高电导率水样会引起析液时间缩短。水样中的二价离子(如Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺)通过屏蔽水分子之间的电荷，降低水的极性，可能使气体分子扩散变得困难，从而降低粗化速率，如海拔4 000 m水样。研究成果为水成膜泡沫灭火剂在高原地区的高效利用提供理论支持。

关键词: 水成膜泡沫灭火剂, 川西高原, 高原水质, 析液, 离子浓度, 特高压工程

Abstract: With the expansion of Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) transmission projects into remote, high-altitude regions such as the Western Sichuan Plateau, Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) extinguishing agents used in compressed air foam systems are being increasingly deployed under challenging high-altitude conditions. This study investigates how water quality variations at different altitudes affect the physicochemical performance of AFFF. Firefighting water samples were collected from locations at elevations ranging from 500 m to 4 000 m across the Western Sichuan Plateau and analyzed for water quality parameters. The influence of water quality on key AFFF foam performance characteristics, including drainage, coarsening, and liquid film properties, was systematically evaluated. Results demonstrate that firefighting water at 4 000 m elevation exhibits the lowest conductivity, while water at 2 500 m elevation shows the highest turbidity. Turbidity significantly affects foam stability, with high-turbidity water samples accelerating foam drainage and coarsening processes, disrupting liquid film structure and compromising film stability. Additionally, high-conductivity water samples reduce drainage time. Divalent ions (such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) present in water samples can shield intermolecular charges, reducing water polarity and potentially hindering gas molecule diffusion, thereby decreasing coarsening rates, as observed in the 4 000 m elevation water sample. These findings provide theoretical support for the efficient utilization of AFFF extinguishing agents in high-altitude applications.

Key words: aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, Western Sichuan Plateau, plateau water quality, drainage, ionic concentration, ultra-high voltage project