主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 79-86.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

森林灭火动力送风过滤式呼吸器的设计与性能研究

周凯1,3, 张堃1,2, 郝慎思1,4, 景凯1,5   

  1. （1.森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室，北京 102202； 2.山西虹安科技股份有限公司，山西 太原 030032； 3.应急管理部上海消防研究所，上海 200032； 4.中国消防救援学院 森林草原防灭火研究中心，北京 102202； 5.山西虹安应急科技有限公司，山西 太原 030032）
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-12 修回日期:2026-02-24 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-15
  • 作者简介:周凯，应急管理部上海消防研究所副研究员，主要从事消防员个人防护技术与装备研究，上海市徐汇区中山南二路601号，200032，zhoukai@shfri.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室开放课题（FGFRP202305）

Design and performance study on powered air-purifying respirator for forest fire fighting

Zhou Kai1,3, Zhang Kun1,2, Hao Shensi1,4, Jing Kai1,5   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Shanxi Hong'an Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Shanxi 030032, China; 3. Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 200032, China; 4. Forest Fire Research Center, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China; 5. Shanxi Hong'an Emergency Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Shanxi 030032, China)
  • Received:2025-11-12 Revised:2026-02-24 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-15

摘要： 针对目前森林灭火救援作业过程中消防员个体呼吸防护装备存在的呼吸阻力较高、续航时长有限以及舒适性不足等实际问题，基于动力送风过滤式呼吸器的结构原理，研发了一种新型消防员森林灭火送风呼吸防护装备。通过对森林火灾扑救特殊呼吸防护需求的分析，结合呼吸器实战携行方式、供气系统和适配功能的相关研究，综合运用CFD仿真、理论计算和试验测试等方法，集成环境空气旁通、阻火呼气阀等装置，研制出具备双罐滤烟和双管供气结构的呼吸防护装备。研究结果表明，配置双罐滤烟的双管供气结构在静压、流速、动压以及呼吸阻力等性能指标方面均优于单罐滤烟的单管供气结构，尤其在气管区，双管结构的平均流速和动压相较于单管模式分别降低了63.1％和86.4％，续航时间提升46.1％。

关键词: 森林灭火, 呼吸防护, 动力送风呼吸器, 环境空气旁通, 阻燃呼气阀

Abstract: Aiming at the practical problems existing in individual respiratory protection equipment for firefighters during forest fire extinguishing and rescue operations, such as high breathing resistance, limited service duration and insufficient comfort, this study developed a new type of air-supply respiratory protection equipment for firefighters in forest fire fighting based on the structural principle of powered air-purifying respirators. By analyzing the special respiratory protection requirements for forest fire suppression, combined with relevant studies on the actual carrying mode, air supply system and adaptive functions of respirators, the respiratory protection equipment with dual-canister smoke filtration and dual-hose air supply structure was developed by comprehensively adopting CFD simulation, theoretical calculation and experimental testing, and integrating devices including ambient air bypass and fire-resistant exhalation valve. The results show that the dual-hose air supply structure equipped with dual-canister smoke filtration is superior to the single-hose air supply structure with single-canister smoke filtration in performance indicators such as static pressure, flow velocity, dynamic pressure and breathing resistance. Especially in the air hose section, the average flow velocity and dynamic pressure of the dual-hose structure are reduced by 63.1% and 86.4% respectively compared with the single-hose mode, and the service duration is increased by 46.1%.

Key words: forest fire fighting, respiratory protection, powered air-supply respirator, ambient air bypass, fire-resistant exhalation valve