主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 112-121.DOI: 10.20168/j.1009-0029.2026.06.0112.10

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含PEO水基灭火剂液滴冷却高温表面的特性和影响机制

张凯1, 王喜世1, 倪小敏1, 陶瑞卿1, 王文婕1, 孔帅2   

  1. （1.中国科学技术大学 火灾安全全国重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230026； 2.国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院，山东 济南 250003）
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28 修回日期:2025-06-19 出版日期:2026-06-15 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 作者简介:张凯，中国科学技术大学火灾安全全国重点实验室，硕士研究生，主要从事清洁高效灭火技术方面的研究，安徽省合肥市蜀山黄山路443号，230026。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省科技攻坚计划项目重点项目（202423l10050018）

Cooling effect and influence mechanisms of PEO-containing water-based fire extinguishing agent droplets on high-temperature surfaces

Zhang Kai1, Wang Xishi1, Ni Xiaomin1, Tao Ruiqing1, Wang Wenjie1, Kong Shuai2   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China; 2. State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan Shandong 250003, China)
  • Received:2025-03-28 Revised:2025-06-19 Online:2026-06-15 Published:2026-06-15

摘要： 针对新能源电池热失控防护与特高压变电站消防等工程需求，快速冷却高温固体表面是灾害控制的关键环节。细水雾或水喷淋具备显著相变冷却的优势，但液滴受沸腾和惯性碰撞影响，易发生破碎与飞溅，导致其冷却效果下降。本研究提出通过添加高分子聚环氧乙烷（700×10-6），调控液滴行为，以提升其冷却效果。单液滴碰撞冷却试验结果显示，当表面温度约为200 ℃时，液滴碰撞固体时无法形成稳定蒸气层，由于添加PEO抑制了液滴破碎和飞溅，并使液滴黏附在表面上，因而其冷却前后的固体表面温差最大可达水的4.3倍，降温速率最大可提升10%。当表面温度约为400 ℃时，液滴与高温表面会形成稳定的蒸气层。由于PEO溶液液滴的完整性强于纯水液滴，其在蒸气层阻隔下的吸热能力不如水。喷雾冷却试验则验证了通过改善液滴流变特性可显著提升接触沸腾下，水对固体的冷却效果。此种水雾改性方法适合在新能源电池热失控早期提升热失控抑制效果。

关键词: 水基灭火剂, PEO添加剂, 冷却效果, 液滴撞击, 高温表面

Abstract: Addressing engineering problems such as thermal runaway protection in new energy batteries and fire suppression in ultra-high voltage substations, rapid cooling of high-temperature solid surfaces plays a pivotal role in hazard control. While water mist/spray demonstrates superior phase-change cooling capacity, droplet fragmentation and splashing induced by boiling and inertial impact substantially compromise its cooling efficiency. This study modulates droplet dynamics through the polyethylene oxide (PEO) additive (700×10-6) to enhance the cooling effect. Single-droplet impact experiments revealed distinct cooling mechanisms: At approximately 200 ℃, where stable vapor film formation was inhibited, PEO-containing droplets demonstrated enhanced surface adhesion and suppressed fragmentation, achieving up to 4.3 times greater temperature differential and 10% faster cooling rate compared to pure water. Conversely, at around 400 ℃, where stable vapor films developed, the improved droplet integrity of PEO solutions paradoxically reduced heat absorption capacity due to more effective vapor layer insulation. Spray cooling experiments further demonstrated that rheological modification could significantly enhance the cooling performance of water under contact boiling. This approach showed particular promise for improving the thermal runaway suppression in batteries during the early stages.

Key words: water-based fire extinguishing agent, PEO additives, cooling efficiency, droplet impact, high-temperature surfaces