全尺寸火灾试验能力为支撑的新时期消防科学研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1184-1189.

全尺寸火灾试验能力为支撑的新时期消防科学研究

鲁志宝1,2,3, 陈钦佩1,2,3, 范子琳1,2,3, 李耀强1,2,3

（1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）

收稿日期:2025-08-02 修回日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
作者简介:鲁志宝，应急管理部天津消防研究所所长，研究员，主要从事火灾事故调查、消防科技管理等研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381，luzhibao@tfri.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3006300）

Research on the development of fire science in the new era supported by full-scale fire test capabilities

Lu Zhibao1,2,3, Chen Qinpei1,2,3, Fan Zilin1,2,3, Li Yaoqiang1,2,3

(1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)

Received:2025-08-02 Revised:2025-09-03 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着城市内涵式发展、新型建筑材料和复合材料的广泛应用，以及新能源设施的快速发展，现代建筑火灾行为呈现出高强度、复杂耦合和非线性特征。传统小/中尺度试验已难以全面揭示火灾动力学机理和风险特征，全尺寸火灾试验设施已成为消防科学研究的重要支撑。本文系统梳理了国内外全尺寸火灾科研基础设施建设现状，包括大空间火灾试验场馆、高层建筑火灾试验设施、大型耐火试验炉、隧道火灾与交通工具火灾试验设施，以及储能电站、光伏等新能源火灾试验平台。通过对各类设施的规模、功能和典型试验能力进行归纳分析，揭示了全尺寸试验在火灾动力学研究、烟气流动模拟、人员疏散评估、火灾防控技术验证和重特大火灾事故调查中的关键作用。同时，结合集约建设、仪器共享、智能化手段、标准化建设等提出了未来发展方向。

关键词: 全尺寸火灾试验；消防科技；火灾科学；复杂结构建筑

Abstract: With the intensive development of urban construction, the widespread application of new building materials and composites, and the rapid expansion of new energy facilities, modern building fire behavior exhibits high intensity, complex coupling, and nonlinear characteristics. Traditional small- and medium-scale experiments are increasingly insufficient to fully reveal the dynamics and risk features of fires. Full-scale fire experimental facilities have become an essential foundation for fire science research. This paper systematically reviews the current status of full-scale fire research infrastructure worldwide, including large-space fire testing halls, high-rise building fire test facilities, large fire-resistance furnaces, tunnel and transportation vehicle fire testing facilities, as well as energy storage stations and photovoltaic fire testing platforms. By summarizing the scales, functions, and representative experimental capabilities of these facilities, the study highlights the essential role of full-scale experiments in fire dynamics research, smoke movement simulation, occupant evacuation assessment, fire prevention and control technology validation, and major fire investigation. Furthermore, future development directions are discussed, emphasizing intensive construction, shared instrumentation, intelligent technologies, and standardization.

Key words: full-scale fire test; fire science and technology; fire science; complex structure building

鲁志宝, 陈钦佩, 范子琳, 李耀强. 全尺寸火灾试验能力为支撑的新时期消防科学研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(9): 1184-1189.

Lu Zhibao, Chen Qinpei, Fan Zilin, Li Yaoqiang. Research on the development of fire science in the new era supported by full-scale fire test capabilities[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(9): 1184-1189.