钠离子电池热失控行为与燃烧特性研究

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1226-1232.

钠离子电池热失控行为与燃烧特性研究

马畅1,2,3, 储玉喜1,2,3, 陈红光1,2,3, 姜楠1,2,3, 卓萍1,2,3

（1.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 2.电化学能源消防安全联合创新应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 3.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）

收稿日期:2025-07-07 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
作者简介:马畅，应急管理部天津消防研究所，博士，主要从事新能源电池安全技术研究，天津市南开区卫津南路110号，300381。
基金资助:
应急管理部重点科技计划（2024EMST111107）；应急管理部天津消防研究所基科费项目（2024SJ21）；天津市自然科学基金面上项目（24JCYBJC00070）

Study on thermal runaway behavior and combustion characteristics of sodium-ion battery

Ma Chang1,2,3, Chu Yuxi1,2,3, Chen Hongguang1,2,3, Jiang Nan1,2,3, Zhuo Ping1,2,3

(1. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy and Fire Safety Joint Innovation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)

Received:2025-07-07 Revised:2025-08-19 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究钠离子电池的热失控行为与燃烧特性，基于热释放速率测试系统，研究了钠离子电池在不同触发条件下的热失控特性，并将其燃烧特性（热释放速率、热释放总量、产烟特性、产烟总量）与磷酸铁锂电池和三元锂电池进行了对比分析。结果表明：0.5C过充条件下，钠离子电池表面温度最高可达834.9 ℃，热释放速率最大为156.99 kW，产烟速率最大为1.65 m2/s。7 ℃/min温升速率加热条件下，钠离子电池表面温度最高可达594.7 ℃，热释放速率最大为227.41 kW，产烟速率最大为1.54 m2/s。将其燃烧特性与锂离子电池进行对比，结果显示，钠离子电池的燃烧特性介于三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池之间，三元锂电池的热释放速率和产烟速率最大，而磷酸铁锂电池的热释放总量最多。

关键词: 钠离子电池；热失控；燃烧特性；热释放特性；产烟特性

Abstract: To explore the thermal runaway behavior and combustion characteristics of sodium-ion battery, the thermal runaway characteristics of sodium-ion battery under different trigger conditions were studied based on the heat release rate test system, and the combustion characteristics (heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, total smoke production) were compared with lithium-iron phosphate battery and lithium ternary battery. The results show that under 0.5C overcharge conditions, the surface temperature of sodium-ion battery can reach up to 834.9 °C, with a maximum heat release rate of 156.99 kW and a maximum smoke production rate of 1.65 m2/s. Under the heating condition of 7 ℃/min temperature rise rate, the maximum surface temperature of sodium-ion battery can reach 594.7 ℃, the maximum heat release rate is 227.41 kW, and the maximum smoke production rate is 1.54 m2/s. The combustion performance of sodium-ion battery was compared with that of lithium-ion battery. The results show that the combustion characteristics of sodium-ion battery are between those of ternary lithium battery and lithium-iron phosphate battery. Ternary lithium battery has the highest heat release rate and smoke production rate, while lithium-iron phosphate battery has the highest total heat release.

Key words: sodium-ion battery; thermal runaway; combustion characteristics; thermal release characteristics; smoke generation characteristics

马畅, 储玉喜, 陈红光, 姜楠, 卓萍. 钠离子电池热失控行为与燃烧特性研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2025, 44(9): 1226-1232.

Ma Chang, Chu Yuxi, Chen Hongguang, Jiang Nan, Zhuo Ping. Study on thermal runaway behavior and combustion characteristics of sodium-ion battery[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2025, 44(9): 1226-1232.