主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1248-1255.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

膨胀型钢结构防火涂料长期自然老化行为研究

张天昊1,2, 黄浩1,2, 杜卫宁1,2, 葛欣国1,2   

  1. （1.应急管理部四川消防研究所，四川 成都 610036； 2.防火阻燃技术应急管理部重点实验室，四川 成都 610036）
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-08-15 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-15
  • 作者简介:张天昊，应急管理部四川消防研究所助理研究员，主要从事材料防火阻燃技术研究，四川省成都市金牛区金科南路69号，610036，zhangtianhao@scfri.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    应急管理部重点科技计划（2024EMST111102）；消防救援局重点攻关项目（2023XFZD03）

Long-term natural aging behavior of intumescent fire resistive coatings for steel structures

Zhang Tianhao1,2, Huang Hao1,2, Du Weining1,2, Ge Xinguo1,2   

  1. (1. Sichuan Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Chengdu Sichuan 610036, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection and Retardant Technology, Ministry of Emergency Management, Chengdu Sichuan 610036, China)
  • Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-08-15 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-15

摘要： 针对钢结构防火保护应用最为广泛的膨胀型防火涂料老化问题，搭建了简易自然环境老化试验场，并对国内外各2个代表性品牌的8种水基性、溶剂性涂料进行了长达4年的自然环境老化试验。通过外观监测、耐火试验、粘结强度测试、元素分析、红外光谱等手段对涂料老化行为进行了系统表征。结果表明，室外自然环境相较室内环境对防火涂料特别是水基性涂料的老化有显著影响，而面漆可显著延缓涂层缺陷的发生。DSP、BRP、CRP、DRP四组涂料老化后仍保持良好的完整性（缺陷率0%）、较低的耐火极限衰减率（5.08%～28.79%）及粘结强度衰减率，而ASP、BSP、CSP、ARP则因裂纹/剥落导致其性能提前失效，主要原因是表面缺陷引起的膨胀组分流失。老化过程中，外观、耐火、粘结3个指标衰减行为一致，且与涂料中主要元素及组分含量有一定的相关性。总体上看，溶剂性涂料的综合性能优于水基性涂料。

关键词: 膨胀型防火涂料；室外环境；耐火极限；自然老化

Abstract: To address the aging issues of intumescent fire-resistant coatings, which are the most widely used for steel structure fire protection, a simple natural weathering test site was established. A total of eight coatings，comprising water-based and solvent-based types from two representative domestic and two international brands，underwent a natural aging test lasting up to four years. The aging behavior of the conting was systematically characterized through visual monitoring, fire resistance testing, element analysis infrared spectroscopy, etc. Results demonstrate that outdoor exposure significantly accelerates coating degradation compared to indoor conditions, particularly for water-based systems, while top coating effectively delays defect formation. Coatings like DSP, BRP, CRP, and DRP maintained structural integrity (0% defect rate), with lower fire resistance rating decay rates of 5.08%～28.79% and controlled bond strength decay after aging. In contrast, ASP, BSP, CSP, and ARP exhibited premature failure (cracking/spalling) due to leakage of expandable components through surface defects. Critically, the degradation of appearance, fire resistance, and bond strength displayed high synchronicity, correlating strongly with changes in content of key elemental and component. Overall, solvent-based coatings outperformed water-based alternatives.

Key words: intumescent fire resistive coatings; outdoor weathering; fire resistance rate; natural aging