主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 113-121.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

无氟泡沫灭火剂在变压器油表面的成膜铺展特性及灭火性能

朱小龙1, 郑嫣然1, 李国春2, 陶瑞卿3, 王文婕3, 张凯3, 许静怡3, 曾令峰3, 徐超航4   

  1. （1.中国矿业大学 安全工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116；2. 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院，山东 济南 250003；3.中国科学技术大学 火灾安全全国重点实验室，安徽 合肥 230006； 4.武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院，湖北 武汉 430070）
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2024-11-18 出版日期:2026-02-11 发布日期:2026-02-15
  • 作者简介:朱小龙，中国矿业大学安全工程学院副教授，主要从事清洁高效灭火及烟尘抑制技术研究，江苏省徐州市大学路1号中国矿业大学南湖校区，221116，cqrczxl@ustc.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3008804）；国家自然科学基金项目（52404260，52104212）

Film spreading characteristics and fire extinguishing performance of fluorine-free foam extinguishing agent on transformer oil surface

Zhu Xiaolong1, Zheng Yanran1,Li Guochun2,Tao Ruiqing3, Wang Wenjie3, ZhangKai3, Xu Jingyi3,ZengLingfeng3, Xu Chaohang4   

  1. (1. School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building, Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China; 4. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology, Tianjin 300381, China)
  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2024-11-18 Online:2026-02-11 Published:2026-02-15

摘要： 水成膜泡沫灭火剂可有效扑灭变压器油火灾，但是传统的水成膜泡沫中含有的PFOS具有毒性和致癌性，急需开发环保型泡沫灭火剂，杜绝PFOS的使用。本文通过多种表面活性成分复配试验及表/界面特性分析，发现碳氢阴离子表面活性剂与碳氢非离子表面活性剂之间具有协同效应，碳氢阴离子表面活性剂与有机硅非离子表面活性剂或短碳链氟表面活性剂之间具有互补效应，碳氢阴离表面活性剂与氟碳表面活性剂之间也具有互补效应。铺展试验和灭火试验结果显示，本研究提出的无氟表面活性剂复配体系在铺展性能和灭火性能两方面与最新提出的其他含氟环保型泡沫灭火剂水平相当，且显著优于市面上的商用水成膜泡沫灭火剂。

关键词: 无氟泡沫灭火剂, 变压器油, 铺展试验, 协同效应

Abstract: Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) fire agents can effectively extinguish transformer oil fires, however, traditional AFFF contains PFOS, which is toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop environmentally friendly foam agents that eliminate the use of PFOS. This study explores various combinations of active surfactants and analyzes their surface/interfacial properties. The findings reveal that there is a synergistic effect between hydrocarbon anionic surfactants and hydrocarbon nonionic surfactants, and a complementary effect between hydrocarbon anionic surfactants and either silicone nonionic surfactants or short-chain fluorinated surfactants. Additionally, a complementary effect was also observed between hydrocarbon anionic surfactants and fluorocarbon surfactants. Spreadability and fire tests demonstrate that the fluorine-free surfactant system proposed in this study performs comparably to the latest fluorinated eco-friendly foam agents in both spreadability and extinguishing efficiency and significantly outperforms commercial AFFF products.

Key words: fluorine-free foam extinguishing agent, transformer oil, spreadability test, synergistic effect