主管：中华人民共和国应急管理部
主办：应急管理部天津消防研究所
ISSN 1009-0029  CN 12-1311/TU
消防科学与技术

消防科学与技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 122-127.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

碳材料对阻燃硅橡胶泡沫性能的影响

林涛1,2, 商珂2,3,4, 杨进军1, 王俊胜2,3,4   

  1. （1.天津理工大学 环境科学与安全工程学院，天津 300384； 2.应急管理部天津消防研究所，天津 300381； 3.工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室，天津 300381； 4.天津市消防安全技术重点实验室，天津 300381）
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-06 修回日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2026-02-11 发布日期:2026-02-15
  • 作者简介:林 涛，天津理工大学环境科学与安全工程学院硕士研究生，主要从事防火阻燃材料研究，天津市西青区宾水西道391号，300384。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市应用基础研究多元投入——城市消防项目（22JCYBJC01720）；应急管理部天津消防研究所青年科技人才创新基金项目（2024SJCXJJ01）

The effect of carbon-based materials on properties of flame retardant silicone rubber foam

Lin Tao1,2, Shang Ke2,3,4, Yang Jinjun1, Wang Junsheng2,3,4   

  1. (1. Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 102202, China; 2. Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China;
  • Received:2024-09-06 Revised:2024-11-08 Online:2026-02-11 Published:2026-02-15

摘要： 为了研究碳材料对硅橡胶泡沫的阻燃效果，本文采用5种不同种类的碳材料作为阻燃剂，制备了阻燃硅橡胶泡沫复合材料，并对其综合性能进行对比分析。结果表明：碳材料的引入会影响硅橡胶泡沫的微观形貌，导致孔径和孔壁变小，从而改变泡沫的力学性能；在5种碳材料中，可膨胀石墨对硅橡胶泡沫材料力学性能的影响最小；与其他几种碳材料相比，可膨胀石墨和碳纳米管在硅橡胶泡沫中展现出更高的阻燃效率，当其添加量仅为1份时，硅橡胶泡沫的极限氧指数可分别达到28.0%和28.2%，且通过垂直燃烧测试FV-0级；添加可膨胀石墨的硅橡胶泡沫在900 ℃下具有较高的残炭量（58.7%），其最大热分解温度也显著提高，表现出良好的热稳定性；锥形量热测试结果显示，添加可膨胀石墨和碳纳米管的硅橡胶泡沫总热释放量和总烟释放量均明显降低，说明其具有更高的火灾安全性。

关键词: 硅橡胶泡沫, 碳材料, 阻燃性能, 热稳定性, 燃烧行为

Abstract: To investigate the flame-retardant effect of carbon materials on silicone rubber foam, this study used five different types of carbon materials as flame retardants to prepare flame-retardant silicone rubber foam composites, and conducted a comparative analysis of their comprehensive properties. The results show that: the introduction of carbon materials affects the micromorphology of silicone rubber foam, leading to smaller pore size and pore wall, thereby changing the mechanical properties of the foam; among the five carbon materials, expandable graphite has the least impact on the mechanical properties of silicone rubber foam; compared with other carbon materials, expandable graphite and carbon nanotubes exhibit higher flame-retardant efficiency in silicone rubber foam. When their addition amount is only 1 part, the Limiting Oxygen Index（LOI） of silicone rubber foam can reach 28.0% and 28.2% respectively, and by vertical buring test, the flame retardancy rating can reach FV-0 grade; the silicone rubber foam with expandable graphite added has a high char residue (58.7%) at 900 °C, and its maximum thermal decomposition temperature is also significantly increased, showing good thermal stability; the cone calorimeter test results indicate that the total heat release and total smoke release of silicone rubber foam with expandable graphite and carbon nanotubes added are significantly reduced, which means it has higher fire safety.

Key words: silicone rubber foam, carbon-based materials, flame retardant performance, thermal stability, combustion behavior